Essay --

Either with your shield, or on it. These were the words said by Spartan women as their men left for war. The meaning is clear either return with your shield, alive and victorious, or return as a corpse. There argon no other options. This mentality of Spartans never retreat, Spartans never surrender, and a lifetime of physical training produced in ancient Sparta an elite caste of warriors who dominated guileless Greece for centuries. The Spartans were greatly respected during their day, causing one exiled King to say the Lacedaemonians, when they fight singly, are as good as any in the world. Time has through with(p) nothing to soften the praise felt for the Spartan warrior. Innumerable video games, films, and novels have represented Spartans as invincible warriors, the valiant Spartan phalanx stand up strong against a horde of unending barbarians. Invariably, the Spartans have been represented as speaking of freedom and reason, versus the forces of tyranny and barbarism. While most wars the Spartans fought were against other Greeks, as the contrary Greek city-states were wont to do, invariably the popular culture accounts of the 20th and 21st century depict them as being pitted against the largest contemporary empire, the Persians, who, in an fabulously short period, were able to create the largest land empire the world had yet seen. The Persians surpassed the Greeks in many ways, and yet there are no Hollywood blockbusters around Cyrus conquering Babylon, or video games of Persian military feats. Modern popular culture has raised the Spartan to the highest pedestal of adoration, producing pulp of every kind to break his flame. The Persians, meanwhile, have been brought low and demonized, even neglected. The questi... ...aging. This logic struck Cyrus so much that he acted on the advice of Croesus and reclaimed the booty. Here Cyrus is portrayed as a rational, on the button ruler, who treats conquered subjects with restraint. This i s in contrast to the loser in the struggle, Croesus, who, although Herodotus represents as wise and strong, is much too hasty. When he received the prophecy from the Oracle at Delphi of If you attack, you will disgrace a great empire, in response to his question of whether he should bring the fight to the Achaemenids, he rushed across the river to attack Cyruss position, eager to land a great empire. Of course, the ambiguity of the oracle was his undoing, as it was his own Lydian empire that he destroyed. In this episode, Herodotus is not afraid to admit the faults of his Ionian Greek brethren, or to ascribe positive attributes to the Greeks enemy.

Hamlet: The Wisdom of Polonius Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Ha

Hamlet The Wisdom of Polonius The disadvantage of the practical mans world is that it breaks down, and refuses to work, and then he finds out, at the constitute of wondrous distress and suffering, that he has been working on a theory all the time, but a wrong theory and he wishes he had do a little more thinking before it was too late. Gradually it is becoming plain to a world which has always scoffed at the philosophers that a gild ferment on the lines of Polonius, every man being true to himself or to his own class, lead not in the long run work, but will infallibly explode, with dreadful ruin and combustion, into chaos, and make way for a society which shall be slight selfish. In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, Polonius proclaims To thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man. This is often cited as a fine example of the noble wisdom of our deluxe bard, and so forth whereas any one who looks careful ly at these lines can see that if our sublime bard had nothing wiser than this to say about the conduct of life, the less we talk about his wisdom the better. As a matter of fact, of course, the lines are nonsense, and Shakespeare was well aware that they are nonsense he puts them in the mouth of a garrulous experienced gentleman who spends most of his time talking nonsense. Hamlet himself - who obviously comes nearer than anybody else to speaking Shakespeares own mind - calls Polonius a tedious old fool, and it is plain that a tedious old fool is exactly what Shakespeare is trying to portray. The rest of the speech, of which these famous lines are the conclusion, is made up partly of bits of cheap and change worldly... ...kind. To do that is to be a philosopher. There are not many philosophersand the practical man is not sorry there are so few, for he is proud of belonging, as he says, to a world of practice, not of mere theory. The disadvantage of the practical mans world is t hat it breaks down, and refuses to work, and then he finds out, at the cost of enormous distress and suffering, that he has been working on a theory all the time, but a wrong theory and he wishes he had done a little more thinking before it was too late. Gradually it is becoming plain to a world which has always scoffed at the philosophers that a society run on the lines of Polonius, every man being true to himself or to his own class, will not in the long run work, but will infallibly explode, with hideous ruin and combustion, into chaos, and make way for a society which shall be less selfish.

Early Human Occupations in Africa Essay -- African Inhabitation

Early Human Occupations in AfricaGalana River, Tsavo matter Park, KenyaResearch on early human occupations in Africa is challenged with contextualizing artifacts with environmental landscape reconstructions. Understanding the landscape that humans inhabited is crucial for discerning how particular forms of technology (stone tools, grinding stones, ceramics) were used and how prehistoric people succeeded and failed in their modes of subsistence. This knowledge can teach us about how to develop sustainable alternatives that balance the needs of nature and humans alike.Research along the Galana River in Tsavo National Park , Kenya is providing a useful data set through which multiple, long-term habitations of several sites from the Middle to Late Holocene are currently being analyzed. Early scrounge occupations of the site of Kahinju (5960480 years bp, 5000 400 years bp ) correlate to pluvial periods as recorded in 18 O ice core records from Mount Kilimanjaro (Thompson et al. 2002) . These occupations also equal to periods of generally low periodicity in the El Nio/...

Computers In Medical Field Essay -- Information Technology Essays

IntroductionToday, in the United States, we all live in an age of technology and science. The use of technology and science has revolutionized our way of life. thither are few things in history that allow influenced our lives more than a computer. Today, there cannot be any field that is absent of the influence of computer applications. From kingdom to rocket science, computers have a huge role to play. The use of the computer has been on the increase for some time in many fields. Medicine is hotshot of the many fields that have made tremendous strides in the twentieth century due to the advent of computers. Computers are used in medicine in almost all areas. Whether it is data management, diagnosis, or treatment, computers have there own applications. Everything we know today in medicine might not have been viable without the valuable contribution of computers. The Role of Computers in Storing InformationComputers have been used as storage devices for medical information for many years. Computer-based patient records are ripe examples to prove the worth of computers as information storage. Due to startup and running costs, possibility for abuse, poor functioning, and the risk of loss of confidentiality, they were not used very very much in the past. Now, they have become almost indispensable. Computer-based patient records have many advantages. They have the potential to improve legibility, accessability, structure...(Medical Informantics) the possibility of integration with telemedicine, and increased ability to put one over health information. Computers are used for scheduling and appointment keeping. They are used to keep track of patients visits. With the help of word processors, letters are typed and sent to... ...rt of medicine. neither can they eliminate the need of human beings. What they can do is help us bring relevant and timely information to use on our vex of individual patients. They can also help run the medical offices or hospitals in a way that makes good business sense. That is why many physicians have embraced the computer and made information technology an integral part of their approach to patient care. That is why they have been able to meet the increasing needs of the patents unco well.http//www.medicinenet.com/cat_scan/article.htmhttp//trc.telemed.org/telemedicine/primer.asphttp//www.vet.uga.edu/mis/what.phphttp//www.mieur.nl/mihandbook/r_3_3/handbook/home.htmhttp//www.mieur.nl/mihandbook/r_3_3/handbook/home.htm (Much info I got was from this)If I forget we may want to think about getting rid of Advantages/Disadvantages sections

Non-Dominant Voices on Difference and Diversity :: Multiculturalism Cultural Culture Politics Essays

Non-Dominant Voices on Difference and DiversityChapter one of Multiculturalism from the Margins Non-Dominant Voices on Difference and Diversity is sociable Movements and the Politics of Difference by Cheryl Zarlenga Kerchis and Iris Marion Young. This chapter examines the idea of assimilation versus acceptance of group diversitys. The chapter begins by explaining the historical acceptance of assimilation especially in the get together States with its ideals of the American melting pot. However, as Kerchis and Young explained each social group evolved and eventually began to embrace the idea of a politics of difference. Although assimilation is still much part of policy and social practice in the United States, Kerchis and Young point out that this idea oppresses the socially disadvantaged group in triad separate ways. First, assimilation oppresses socially disadvantaged groups because in trying to assimilate the socially disadvantaged group is always playing a game of haul up. S econdly, assimilation suggests that one culture is the right one. Lastly, members of the socially disadvantaged group can end up feeling abnormal or deviant. On the another(prenominal) hand, the idea of politics of difference allows members of an oppressed group to celebrate and be proud of their identity(Harris, 1995, p.11). Also, the politics of difference allows the disadvantaged social groups to accept their differences and not try and adjust their culture to the more preponderant culture. Therefore, there is not a sense of a correct culture versus a less plummy one. Politics of difference also allows society to view the dominant culture in a critical light, which can lead to necessary changes. Lastly, politics of difference embraces the concept of individualism, which American society has always held in high esteem.The creator suggests that Our nation should strive for social justice in its political and social institutions. (Harris, 1995, p. 16). scarcely an informal revi ew of the political or judicial establishment reveals that social justice has not been accomplished. Most Americans agree that the justice system strongly favors the dominant culture. American politicians are certainly not a diverse group of people. In education, the changes have been more strident. I work in a tame district that is primarily Hispanic. More and more administrators who are Hispanic are being hired. However, primarily white men hold the top district positions. The author next discusses the disadvantage women of child bearing years face in the work force. This is certainly an issue that I have experienced personally.

Non-Dominant Voices on Difference and Diversity :: Multiculturalism Cultural Culture Politics Essays

Non-Dominant Voices on Difference and DiversityChapter one of Multiculturalism from the Margins Non-Dominant Voices on Difference and Diversity is Social Movements and the Politics of Difference by Cheryl Zarlenga Kerchis and fleur-de-lis Marion childly. This chapter examines the idea of assimilation versus acceptance of group differences. The chapter begins by explaining the historical acceptance of assimilation especially in the United States with its ideals of the American melting pot. However, as Kerchis and Young explained each social group evolved and eventually began to embrace the idea of a politics of difference. Although assimilation is still often part of policy and social consecrate in the United States, Kerchis and Young point out that this idea oppresses the socially discriminate group in three separate ways. First, assimilation oppresses socially disadvantaged groups because in trying to assimilate the socially disadvantaged group is incessantly playing a game of catch up. Secondly, assimilation suggests that one culture is the mighty one. Lastly, members of the socially disadvantaged group can end up feeling abnormal or deviant. On the other hand, the idea of politics of difference allows members of an suppress group to celebrate and be proud of their identity(Harris, 1995, p.11). Also, the politics of difference allows the disadvantaged social groups to accept their differences and not try and adjust their culture to the to a greater extent dominant culture. Therefore, there is not a sense of a correct culture versus a less desirable one. Politics of difference also allows union to view the dominant culture in a critical light, which can lead to necessary changes. Lastly, politics of difference embraces the concept of individualism, which American society has always held in high esteem.The author suggests that Our nation should strive for social justice in its political and social institutions. (Harris, 1995, p. 16). Just an informal re view of the political or judicial establishment reveals that social justice has not been accomplished. Most Americans agree that the justice system strongly favors the dominant culture. American politicians are certainly not a diverse group of people. In education, the changes have been more than strident. I work in a school district that is primarily Hispanic. More and more administrators who are Hispanic are being hired. However, primarily white men hold the top district positions. The author next discusses the disadvantage women of child aim years face in the work force. This is certainly an issue that I have experienced personally.

Irish English literature interaction

The nonion of Irish literary works is often the subject of more critical contention. For some people Irish literature is reserved for works in the Irish language. The fact that the Irish language was intimately eradicated during the nineteenth century is still, however few people actu tout ensembley instanter speak or economise it in contemporary Ireland, an inescapable fact of Irish hi explanation and Irish literary hi narrative. Its eradication was, in part, a discipline of political compulsion and also, in part, a matter of the tragic history of the vast scale of emigration which followed on the Irish Famine of 1845-8.This is why, among Irish generators who write in the side language, language itself becomes the focus of their reflection. Literature in English in Ireland has been a literature in which ideas of Ireland of people, connection and nation have been some(prenominal) created and reflected. To understand how it is true it is necessary to contemplate the concep tions of a distinctively Irish identity which have been articulated, defended, and ch all in allenged. Another point to consider is how the perception of alienation, felt almost by all Irish writers, influences their choice of base of operationss for literary works.For the material of my study I have chosen the works of two great Irish writers, prose writer Joyce and poet Heaney and American writer who nevertheless is regarded as English writer, Thomas Stern Eliot. The reason I choose to include Eliot in this essay is that he is much like Joyce and the comparison between those two geniuses with help to trace the ways of intersection and similarity of two cultural traditions. Another reason for choosing to study Eliot, unitedly with Joyce and Heaney is that all three writers were exiles, the fact that influenced their literary style and themes.They knew and influenced each other.. Eliot founded new literary movement, and Joyces technical innovations still occupy his followers like Heaney. The work of all three great moderns exhibits the characteristic features of modern art in being difficult to the point of obscurity, complex, allusive, experimental in form, and encyclopedic in scope. The work of all three writers, especially Heaneys, is imbued with the modern attitude to the pastthat the past was radically different from the present just eternally haunts it and so is inescapably past-present.Of the three writers, Joyce was clear driven into exile in order to write. Joyce wrote with scrupulous naturalism with its fidelity to detail and habit of naming names, and satiric vein. Outwardly rootless Joyce was not indoors so. His life and art were transfixed, rooted in the capital of Ireland he had known as a young man, which was the subject of all his work. Joyce constantly carried feeling of alienation in relation to his homeland. Joyce rejected his home, family, society, nation, and religion. Alienation is explicitly detailed in Dubliners, the collection of short stories focused on the exploration of Irish theme.One of those stories Araby focuses on a vagrant boy energized by a require for escape from the confinement of Irish culture. The desire for such escape appears already in the first story of collection, continues in the second and finally materializes in the third. The epiphanies at the end of first three stories metaphorize the promise of freedom. To gain clear understanding of this metaphor of the travel in quest of liberation we have to illustrate what was the place of Irish culture in the broader aspect of British literature and how it is reflected in Joyces literary work.This story is a metaphor for Joyces life too, for his search for place where he would have been able to work. Joyces issue is to present the lives lived by his people and their characteristic and characteristically Irish ways of laborious to make sense of them. The image of Dubliners illustrates more than the human condition it illustrates the Dublin co ndition, which may be delimitate as an overweening degree of susceptibility to decay and loss. It is a condition not of excess but of deprivation. The first three stories The Sisters, Encounter and Araby are connected by the park hero, a boy, who is looking for something that is not there.Araby opens with an inspection of the empty back rooms of an aband mavend tin on a blind street An uninhabited house of two stories stood at the blind end, detached from its neighbors in a square ground (Joyce, 29), concludes with the lights going out in an emptied dorm The upper part of the hall was now completely contraband. Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a pecker driven and derided by vanity (Joyce, 36), and in between tracks the teller as his money and the dreams built on it come, by degrees, to nothing.The story gives much attention to detail. In the impression at the marketplace, the narrator offers vivid metonymic of the boys world. The boy aspires to commence his journ ey to Araby, a journey which is metaphorized as chivalric quest. His destination is eastward, the East is even more important metaphorically to the boy The syllables of the word Araby were called to me through the silence in which my soul luxuriated and cast an Eastern enchantment over me (Joyce, 32).Because he had thought the East would be the proper place in which his desire might be realized, he is disillusioned, as readers, of Araby by his encounter with the actuality of the empty bazaar with its magical name. On arrival to the Araby the boy discovers absolutely discouraging scene which makes him describe himself, in this confrontation with the real world, in one of Joyces most famous sentences Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity and my eyes burned with anguish and anger (Joyce, 35).What the boy had expected as the completion of his traveling toward Araby, namely the validation of his mastery, ends by confirming, at least in his own eyes, his powerlessness. The wanted to find what the priest, the dead father, has lost faith in the ability to liberate himself and thereby to make at least the journey, into the unknown. Furthermore, he must find a means of bringing that poetry found in the books into touch with the prose, or reality of ordinary Dublin life. Eliot, like Joyce, was an exile.He left United States and found in England an organic society which satisfied his hunger for tradition and order society, politics, and religion were more closely relate and institutionalized in England than in the United States. Unlike Joyce Eliots poetry is universal but there is little specifically local attributions, Eliots work is not as local as Joyces is. When we look at his poems for physical evidence of his adopted country, we find little. Such images as there are of city, village, church, or shocking home are universalized, made symbolic.Eliot in his poetry tends to touch upon unconventional philosophical issues l ike what will happen if we lose the capacity to see the community between persons and lose the capacity to believe in any real community between persons. Such a hypothetical situation is exemplified in The sock Song of J. Alfred Prufrock where the eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase (Eliot, line 56) have made the community between persons unable to be seen. The advent is in the middle of the poem, where we see most clearly what the theme of this poem is it is the peculiar affliction of our age metaphysical blindness.The middle is the most intricate one in the poem, but if we concentrate on what is essential, following Prufrock as he struggles up the stairs, as he wrestles with the dead lumber in his head, and as he draws near to the person he has come to visit, there is a moment of suspended thought, a moment when Prufrock is his experience, a moment typical of in Eliots works, where the door out of the corridor suddenly opens, and we are invaded by a sense of reality. The o pening here is not much more than a crack the beat of light to light as the lamplight is reflected from the brown hair on the womans arms.But it is sufficient not only to throw Prufrock off his bent Is it perfume from a place/ That makes me so digress? (Eliot, line 65) but almost to bring him to act. His Shall I say . . . ? shows him on the verge of entering a real present. But because he falls back, and rejoins the arthropods, because he has nothing to act with, just as he had nothing to confront the streets with here, for example, he did not see the light tell light. This scene illustrates what is meant by the theme of metaphysical blindness. The poetic collection Prufrock & Other Observations had made Eliot famous in the English-speaking literary world.The interplay between Irish and English literature is continued by Joyces follower Seamus Heaney. This divided tradition states the essential condition of the modern Irish mind. The Irish literary tradition proffered a sense o f identity which became the preoccupation of Irish writers of the early twentieth-century like Joyce that identity still confounds contemporary poets like Seamus Heaney. Modern poetry in general is follow by the divided mind, a reflection of man cut off from his past, confused about meaning, and attempting to reconcile himself to his solitude.In the Irish literary tradition that reconciliation is defined in cultural and national terms. The struggle for reconciliation becomes embroiled in the question of identity. Heaney wrote in the early seventies, his poems have as their focus the relation of England to Ireland which tends to be that of domineering male to helpless female. His was a witness of cruelty in Belfast when Catholic student arranged civil rights marches. Heaney moved from Belfast at the peak of this conflict, but his poem penalty presents his experiences I can see her drowned / body in the bog, / the weighting stone, / the floating rods and boughs.(Heaney, 1975) In thi s poem Heaney explores a theme of revenge for betrayal but admits his own feebleness when facing violence inculcated for ages I almost love you / but would have cast, I know, / the stones of silence. I am the artful voyeur / your brains exposed and darkened combs (Heaney, 1975) This poem as other in collection North, are Heaneys bog poems, in which he disturbs very dark emotions and appeals to the political and social situation in his native Northern Ireland.Heaneys through the interpretation of the past gives his comments on the present in concealed yet blind drunk manner. In conclusion, Heaney, Eliot, and Joyce all exemplify the case of the artist who due to various reason is forced to abandon his homeland. Eliot freed himself from America in order to transplant himself elsewhere. Joyce was trying to find a perfect place for his creative activity. Despite his love-hate relationship with Ireland Joyce remained faithful to Ireland in spirit. Heaney deserted North Ireland because o f unstable political situation but often resorted to it in his works.Thus we see, beyond certain similarities in their work, striking contrasts in the lives of these three writers. Joyce preceded and prepared the way for Heaney, as an Irishman writing happily in English. These should change us better to understand them and the general problem of the alienation of the modern artist. Works Cited List Eliot T. S. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock in Prufrock and Other Observations. New York Bartleby. Com, 2000 Heaney, Seamus. Punishment in North. London Faber and Faber, 1975 Joyce, James. Dubliners. London Penguin Group, 1996

Political Dispute in the Early 19th Century

During the 1800s, Americans in the North and southeasterly often had conflict nevertheless could no longer resolve their policy-making disputes through via media by the year 1860. In this time period, agree was not an option because slavery and states rights caused political disputes between the north and in the south. The two political parties in the north and south lost their ability to cooperate and by the mid 1800s increased the issue of the piece of the states.The North and South in the nineteenth century were different in lifestyle and morale as well as economy. The north had a sound industrial economy while in the South, cotton was the major economic leader. Because of this congress was continuously addressing contr all oversial matters and providing answers that did not satisfy either one array or both. The early 1800s were full of the North and the South making many onsets at reconciliation that just fell short. Among those were the Missouri compromise of 1820 and the Great Compromise of 1850.Other attempts led to the Tariff/Nullification Controversy, anti slavery debates in congress, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Whether it was one side or the other there was always someone to oppose or defy the other side. Laws put in place eventually led to the succession of the southern states and the Civil War.The issue of slavery became an even greater attention when the Louisiana Purchase territories were to enter the Union as states. The question was, would new territories enter the Union as slave or free states? The South wanted a balance of power. They knew that if the North were to have more free states, then slavery in the south could be facing extinction through congress.In an attempt to conciliate with the South, the North agreed upon the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Through this slavery was banned above the 36 degrees 30 minute line and Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine a free state. For a while, it retained the balance of power. How ever, tempers in the south rose again later in the 1820s over high tariffs. The tariffs benefited the north hardly threatened southern cotton exports. In 1828 the tariff was around 50%. President Jackson modified it to around 33% in 1832 only to have South Carolina nullify it in the state. It raised the questionof whether or not the federal governwork forcet could legally impose tutelar tariffs and whether it was constitutional for a state to nullify a federal lawThe political view on slavery and states rights grew as compromise between the north and south political parties began to collapse during the mid 19th century. Henry Clay stated that it is impossible for South Carolina to become an independent state. A report of the American Anti-Slavery rules of order was opposed to slavery naming slave owners as man stealers and believed that slaves should be free. Political compromise was not greatly effected by their belief but the Compromise of 1850 resulted in the Fugitive Slave La w being passed which caused the collapse in the political parties.The issue of slavery continued to increase as compromise slowly disintegrated. Abolitionism increased by the encouragement of Frederick Douglass, a leader, who promoted freedom for all slaves. Also, Uncle Toms Cabin published by Harriet Beecher started up abolitionism in the North while the South to oppose against abolitionists. Senator Daniel Webster who is opposed to secession stated that the North is not complied with the Fugitive Slave Law. In addition, a New York Tribune comparing working class men in the north to southern gentlemen caused more conflict between the states over the issue of slavery. The division of the states over the issue of slavery enhanced the collapse of compromise between the North and South political parties.

The Ethical Issues behind Cosmetic Surgery

The article I chose is entitled Ethnic Differences Emerge in Plastic Surgery and was compose by Sam Dolnick for the bleak York Times on February 19, 2011. It explains that cosmetic pliant surgery is no longer an opportunity limited to wealthy suburbanites. In New York City, there has been a surge of immigrants having ductile surgeries that are correlated with their ethnic beauty standards.Furthermore, doctors practicing in various ethnic enclaves throughout the city tang at seen Italians having their knees reshaped, Egyptians acquire face-lifts, Iranians acquire nose jobs, Domini earth-closet women getting their buttocks lifted, Asians having double eye-lid surgery or receiving a crease in their eyelids to make their eyes appear rounder, and Russians getting breast implants.The article goes on to contrast the cultural beauty standards or tastes between one group of wealthy Long Island suburbanites with Washington Heights ancestrally Dominican citizens, where, in Long Island suburbs they want fat removed from their behinds, and in Washington Heights they want their rear ends enlarged and rounded. There are three honest sequels present in this article, the first being the utilization of surgery to improve patients psychological self-esteem issues versus the usage of surgery for traditional health reasons.The second issue is the fact that doctors are willing to come toer layaway plans to help patients afford operations, but even more precarious, unlicensed practitioners are performing illegal surgery throughout most ethnic enclaves. The third is the belief that American pop gardening and media have a role in affecting large numbers individual(prenominal) awareness and ideals of beauty, and this is making them much more willing to have unnecessary cosmetic plastic surgery performed. John Stuart Mills Utilitarian principle is the first respectable theory I chose to apply to these ethical problems.Mill argued that morality is based on the consequenc es you take, and that consequences must be a doer to increase value or amusement (Utilitarianism Of What Sort of Proof the, para 3,9). To the first ethical issue, Mill would most likely say that flock who undergo cosmetic plastic surgery are moral because they are acting accordance with increasing happiness. However, they are acting upon a lower pleasure, which is vanity, and although this whitethorn bring some joy, it is something that can be get an endless pursuit.Towards the second issue, Mill would most likely say that the legality of the operations, and how the surgery is paid for, is superfluous to morality. If there is a tendency for patients to come out feeling and looking break-dance, than the surgeon has done his or her job and there is nothing immoral going on. However, if there is a tendency for hatful to leave these places, where layaway is acceptable and the surgeons do not have licenses to practice, in pain and vexation, there is something immoral about this par ticular situation.One could further argue, that performing surgery lawlessly and allowing layaway for surgery is based in greed. To this I believe Mill would still say that it is the patients responses that matter, for they are the ones who choose to have the surgery illegally, and if they have gained more pleasure through the experience, the actions taken by the illegal surgeons or greedy doctors was moral (Utilitarianism Of What Sort of Proof, para 6).To the last part, is media and pop culture responsible for unnecessary surgery, and people unhealthy personal beauty obsessions, he would say, generally no. Although he might say that certain parts of media are potent at changing the way people view their bodies and other peoples bodies, and may make people obsessively drawn into the lower pleasures of cosmetic bodily improvement. Immanuel Kants Deontological ethics is the second theory I chose to administer to the article. Kant argues that for an action to have genuine moral worth, it must be done out of duty, or from unpolluted intentions.People or semi-rational beings must not allow subjective experiences and past events, or particular circumstances, determine what actions are morally right, but must act to strive the categorical imperative, thus making every intention and every action together an end in itself (Groundwork Moving from popular, para 2-4, 6-7). To the first, again being the usage of surgery for traditional reasons, versus the usage of surgery for patients who have psychological self-esteem issues they believe that having cosmetic surgery will result in looking better and therefore bring happiness.Kant would strongly see this as immoral, as it is first off not being used to preserve ones life, and it is seeking out happiness through picking means which Kant believes will only lead to pain (Groundwork Moving from popular moral, para 15-16). Also cosmetic plastic surgery is not universafiable because it means that our self-love is based off of subjective contingent circumstances, and not based off of self-love because we are semi-rational beings.To the second ethical theory being layaway plans and illegal surgery, Kant would probably see the layaway plans as bad in that if everyone had layaway, there would not be any true ownership, and everyone would be in debt to someone else. Illegal surgery is also not universifiable in that, if it were universifiable, there would be no legality, and the state laws for surgical practices would not exist. As to whether Kant would see people receiving cosmetic plastic surgery as victims of our hyper-idealized beauty popular culture and media, he would probably say yes, there is a problem.Pop culture, the media, and social networks certainly do have an insidiously furtive part in how we behave, and what we believe is beautiful. To go out of your way to make yourself more beautiful because someone or something tells you to do so, especially if it is instilled upon you in a covert way, is not acting in accordance with freedom. It is dually leading you to use surgery as a mere means to happiness, and using you as a mere means to waste your money on advertised beauty/ diet products, more surgery, and more repetitive fatuous television shows.In terms of which ethical theory best resolves the ethical issues spurred by this article, I would have to say Kants theory of good intentions is most fine and affirmative. All of these ethical issues I have raised have questionable intentions behind them. If I were to go with Mill, I certainly would be a band more lenient with these issues. That is not necessarily a bad thing, since these peoples actions are not necessarily questionable. Their actions are somewhat good, because whether you are the patient, the doctor, or the pop culture media (entertainment) you are aiming at or supposedly affecting happiness (in a Mill sense).But their intentions are somewhat convoluted, and in my opinion, impure. I believe most of the doctors have greed as their intention, especially those who are willing to perform surgery illegally. Sure, the illegal surgeons may be acting in a proper way, that is, they may perform the surgery properly. But behind it all is an intention of surreptitiously avoiding the rules of the state to save money, meanwhile being completely liable to malpractice and putting in jeopardy their lives and the lives of their patients.The patients may know that these doctors are quacks, but if they dont, then in fact they are being lied to and are being position under the knives of surgeons who are dishonest and hence treating the patients as a mere means. Furthermore, I believe anyone who is getting cosmetic plastic surgery based off of established beauty standards, unless in some horrific accident or bearing some horrific deformity is impure in their reasoning.They are bad into standards that are not their own, but have been environmentally, and artificially created, beefed up and branded. Thus, in a Kantian sense, people are acting not under a categorical imperative, but under empirical knowledge that has been conjured through culturally relative or subjective circumstances. In sum, Kant would say be happy with what you look like, and dont attempt to change it based off of your cultural preferences or media created beauty bombardments, because you are not acting freely and with duty.

Manila Lodge No. 761 vs Ca

MANILA LODGE NO. 761 vs CA ARTICLE 1431 MANILA LODGE NO. 761, BENEVOLENT AND prophylactic ORDER OF THE ELKS, INC. , petitioner, vs. THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, CITY OF MANILA, and TARLAC DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, respondents. (G. R. No. L-41001 September 30, 1976) TARLAC DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, petitioner, vs. HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, CITY OF MANILA, LODGE NO. 761, BENEVOLENT AND restrictive ORDER OF ELKS, INC. , respondents. (No. L-41012 September 30, 1976) THE CASE two cases are petitions on certiorari to review the decision dated June 30, 1975 of the homage of Appeals that the retention subject is a human beings park or mall. FACTS On June 26, 1905 the Philippine Commission enacted Act No. l360 which authorized the urban center of manila to reclaim a portion of manilla paper Bay. The reclaim area was to form part of the Luneta extension. Subsequently, the Philippine Commission passed on May 18, 1907 Act No. 1657, amending Act No. 1360, so as to authorize the City of Manila either to lease or to sell the portion set aside as a hotel site. On July 13, 1911 the City of Manila, affirming a prior change dated January 16, 1909 cancelled 5,543. 07 square meters of the reclaimed area to the Manila Lodge No. 761, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the U. S. A. Manila Lodge No. 761, BPOE, later on sold the said 5,543. 07 square meters to the Elks Club, Inc. The registered owner, The Elks Club, Inc. , was later changed by court oder to Manila Lodge No. 761, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Inc. In January 1963 the BPOE. petitioned the Court of first base Instance for the cancellation of the right of the City of Manila to repurchase the property. GRANTED On November 19, 1963 the BPOE sold the land to Tarlac Development Corporation (TDC). In June 1964 the City of Manila filed with the Court of First Instance of Manila a petition for the reannotation of its right to repurchase. RTC RULING the subject land to be part of the creation park or plaza and, therefore, part of the public domain.The court consequently declared that the sale of the subject land by the City of Manila to Manila Lodge No. 761, BPOE, was postal code and void that plaintiff TDC was a purchaser thereof in g faith and for value from BPOE and can enforce its rights against the latter. CA RULING AFFIRMED the write down courts decision. ISSUE WON the subject property was communicable property of the City of Manila and not a park or plaza.NO WON the City of Manila is estopped from questioning the hardship of the sale it execute, conconveying the subject property to the Manila Lodge No. 761, BPOE. NO SC RULING We hold that it is of public dominion, intended for public use. When the shore or part of the bay is reclaimed, it does not lose its character of being property for public use. It is not necessary, therefore, that a plaza be already constructed of- laid out as a plaza in order that it be considered property for public use.It is sufficient that it be intended to be such(prenominal) In the case at bar, it has been shown that the intention of the lawmaking body in giving to the City of Manila the extension to the Luneta was not a grant to it of patrimonial property but a grant for public use as a plaza. We have demonstrated ad satietatem that the Luneta extension as intended to be property of the City of Manila for public use.The conversion of the said property into patrimonial property is within the executives and possibly the legislation departments authority and the power to beget the declaration that said property, is no longer required for public use, and until such declaration i made the property must continue to form tonality of the public domain. In the case at bar, there has been no such explicit or unequivocal declaration. TDC finally claims that the City of Manila is estopped from questioning the validity of the sale it xecuted on July 13,1911 conconveying the subject propert y to the Manila Lodge No. 761, BPOE. This contention cannot be seriously defended in the light of the doctrine repeatedly enunciated by this Court that the Government is never estopped by mistakes or errors on the pan of its agents, and estoppel does not enforce to a municipal corporation to validate a centre that is prohibited by law or its against Republic policy, and the sale of July 13, 1911 executed by the City of Manila to Manila Lodge was certainly a subdue prohibited by law.Moreover, estoppel cannot be urged even if the City of Manila accepted the benefits of such contract of sale and the Manila Lodge No. 761 had performed its part of the agreement, for to hire the doctrine of estoppel against the City of Manila in this case would be tantamount to enabling it to do indirectly what it could not do directly. The sale of the subject property executed by the City of Manila to the Manila Lodge No. 61, BPOE, was void and inexistent for lack of subject matter. It suffe red from an incurable defect that could not be canonical either by lapse of time or by express ratification. The Manila Lodge No. 761 therefore acquired no right by deservingness of the said sale. Hence to consider now the contract inexistent as it always has seen, cannot be, as claimed by the Manila Lodge No. 761, an impairment of the obligations of contracts, for there was it, contemplation of law, no contract at all. The inexistence of said sale can be set up against anyone who asserts a right arising from it, not only against the first vendee, the Manila Lodge No. 761, BPOE, but also against all its suceessors, including the TDC which are not protected the doctrine of bona fide ii purchaser without notice, being claimed by the TDC does not apply where there is a total absence of title in the vendor, and the good faith of the purchaser TDC cannot create title where none exists.

Diary entries for Lady Macbeth on reading Macbeth’s letter Essay

Diary entries for Lady Macbeth on reading Macbeths letter, on Macbeths return from battle, on Dun burns arrival, on Macbeths indecision, on the murder of Duncan and on the Banquet and Banquos ghost.Today, I received a letter, inside it incredible news from Macbeth. Weird sisters predicted that he was to be Thane of Cawdor As amazing as this may seem, their prophecy came true The sisters didnt just forecast that Macbeth was to be Thane of Cawdor but also that he will be poof My only fear is that Macbeth is too kind for his own good. He essential be ruthless if he wants to fulfil his ambition. The nearest way to become nance is to cold-heartedly kill Duncan. It would be terrible for Macbeth to miss show up on this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. These weird sisters must be messengers from God or of perhaps the D devilish, to foresee something like that. Macbeth must follow up prediction so that it becomes his destiny.I have prayed to the spirits to take away my femininity so I can aid and spurring on my husband in his mission to kill Duncan. I beg the spirits to pr even upt me feeling any remorse so I can stick to the plan. I hope that the night will be foggy and gloomy so that no one can see the stab wound.* * * * *I knew it was a huge, bloody battle and I was just pleased to see the future king alive. I had had no idea if Macbeth was alive and well. I was so worried almost him. Not only was I pleased for that reason but also because the start of our lives is just beginning. The benefits and rewards of the throne are soon in the grasp of my hand.Macbeth said that Duncan was to leave the next day. At this moment it occurred to me that this was the time to strike, it must be then or never. We must not give the dapple away, so we must look fri kiboshly, speak charmingly and generally be two-faced. This is vital to the method. If there is any suspicion of this then we could be on the receiving end of the fatality. If we treat Duncan as best we can then we ar e less likely to be suspected of being the murderers. He must be provided for and his both requirement must be tended to. Tonight is the start of a new beginning* * * * *Duncans arrival earlier was extremely difficult. To hide such an evil and wicked thing is very tricky. It is constantly on my heed will it go smoothly? Have we missed any essential thing out? What if it doesnt go according to plan? I am excited and tense but I know I have to appear hospitable. The dialogue between Duncan and myself went smoothly and I kept my cool. I fear Macbeth may reveal a piece of the plan in all the excitement he must pull through for both of our sakes. I have seemingly made Duncan feel that we are thankful for his stay. Duncan must think everything is prepared for him, so far I think he is pleased with the welcoming he has received. To stop thinking of the murder later on will be even harder than it has been so far. I dont know how I will cope. Now I must go for I fear the others are acqui re suspicious of my long disappearance.* * * * *Later on when I entered the room I found Macbeth looking for deep in thought. I knew that something was wrong. When he told me he had changed his mind and that we should proceed no further in this business, I was horrified. The words just spilled out of my mouth as if it wasnt me talking. Maybe my prayers to the spirits to make me fierce and strong, had worked. I accused him of being a coward, that the hope wherein he had dressed himself had been drunk and was now suffering a hangover. Unbelievably, I could even hear myself reflexion that had I made a promise to him to do so, I would have killed our own baby.That really shocked him back to reality and we were able to make plans for Duncans murder. We decided to get Duncans guards drunk enough to be able to get to him easily, and then to stab him to death. We could then smear the guards with blood so it may seem their guilt. It is almost too simple to be true* * * * *That night as I waited for Macbeth to do the terrible deed, every minute seemed like an eternity. An schnozzle shrieked and I nearly jumped out of my skin. What if the guards woke? Macbeth would certainly be executed for treason just as the last Thane of Cawdor was. Its a good barter I had the sense to put laudanum in their drinks. When I went to lay out the guards daggers ready, I almost killed Duncan myself, I was so hyped up. Memories of my father stopped me.When Macbeth at last returned, he looked terrible. He was ranting and raving and I couldnt get any sense out of him. He kept going on about how the guards were shouting in their sleep, murder and Macbeth shall sleep no more. It had not been an easy thing for him to do. This surprised me as he has killed so many pile in battle. I had to be really firm with him and got him to go and wash the blood from his hands, to make him do something to snap him out of hysteria. Thats when I clear that he still had the daggers in his hands the evidenc e He was in no state to take them back so I did it myself.When I very did the job, I was ashamed that I had been so scared. Still, I knew that once I had washed my hands, all evidence would be destroyed and that would be the end of the matter.* * * * *A banquet had been prepared for all our friends. Everything was fine until, suddenly, out of the blue, Macbeths expression changed. He started shouting at an empty space at the table and looking terrified. I tried to comfort him and persuade him it was a hallucination, just like the imagined dagger he had seen before he murdered Duncan. Then he started talking to the mirage It was so embarrassing in front of our guests, and yet worrying because I wondered what was happening to my husband. I had to think, quickly, of an excuse on his behalf I explained that he was prone to having fits, and that he would soon be okay again.

Gun Free School Zone

United severalizes Vs. Lopez (1995) HIS 303 March 28, 2010 United States Vs. Lopez (1995) beforehand I mess appropriately discuss the trust given by the US Supreme Court Justices I feel that at first I must relieve the background of what happened and the question that was brought before the justices of the US Supreme Court and the facts of the case. During this paper I will try to give some background information as well as the various opinions related to this issue. I will attempt to analyze and discuss the overall final outcome as issued by the courts in 1995.On March 10, 1992 Alfonzo Lopez Jr. , who was then a 12th-grade scholarly person (senior), arrived at Edison high School in San Antonio, Texas, carrying on his person a disguiseed . 38 tone hand bomber and five bullets. Acting on an anonymous tip, the indoctrinate authorities confronted Alfonzo, who readily admitted to having the weapon. He was arrested and charged chthonian Texas law with composition throwion on in excuse property. The next day the state charges were dropped and federal agents charged Alfonzo with federal charges of violating the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990.The question that was brought before the courts Is the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, forbidding individuals from knowingly carrying a gun in a school zone, unconstitutional because it exceeds the mightiness of relation to legislate under the physician Clause? (The Oyez Project, 2010). One of the virtually beta sections of obligate I is section 8. It carefully lists the powers the Framers wished the new Congress to possess. These specified or enumerated powers contain m whatever key provisions that had been denied to the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation.For example, one of the major weaknesses of the Articles was Congresss lack of authority to deal with trade wars. The Constitution remedied this problem by authorizing Congress to regulate Commerce with outside(prenominal) Nations, and among the several States. Congress was also given the authority to coin money. Enumerated Powers are defined as Seventeen specific powers granted to Congress under Article I, section 8, of the U. S. Constitution these powers include taxation, coinage of money, regulation of commerce, and the authority to provide for a national defense (OConnor Sabato, 2008).The facts behind the case are Alfonzo Lopez Jr. , a 12th grade high school student, carried a concealed weapon into his high school in San Antonio, Texas. He was charged under Texas law with firearm possession on school premises. After being charged under state law, the next day, the state charges were dismissed by federal court . federal official agents charged Lopez with violating a federal miserable statute, the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 (from here on out referred to as the act). The act forbids all individual knowingly to possess a firearm at a place that he knows s a school zone. Lopez was found guilty foll owing a bench trial and sentenced to sixer months imprisonment and two years supervised release. The District Court denied his motion to dismiss the indictment, concluding that 922(q) is a constitutional exercise of Congress power to regulate activities in and touch commerce (FindLaw,2010). Later the Court of Appeals held that, taking into account of what is characterized as inadequate congressional conclusions and legislative history, 922(q) is invalid as beyond Congress power under the Commerce Clause.Alfonso Lopez Jr. (here on out known as the responsive) and his legal team petitioned the Court of Appeals to dismiss the charges bases on the Act exceeds Congress Commerce Clause authority. In no rational logic can the connection be made between the possession of a gun or any firearm in a school zone and economic activities affecting commerce. Section 922(q) is a criminal statute that by its terms has nothing to do with commerce or any other type of economic enterprise, no matter how broadly the terms of Section 922(q) are defined by the defense.Secondly, 992(q), contains no jurisdictional component which would underwrite that the firearms possession in question has the requisite Page II nexus with the interstate commerce (Cornell University Law School, 2010). In order for the respondent, which was a local student at his school to get his case dismissed he would cede to prove that either he recently moved with interstate commerce or that he had some sort of tie to interstate commerce.In order for the court to up confirm the respondents claim that 922(q) is justified because the possession of the firearm in a local school zone does indeed unassailablely influence interstate commerce, they would shit to have the Supreme Court pile conjecture upon conjecture in an antenna that would suggest reasonable to convert congressional Commerce Clause authority to a general police authority of the nature possessed only by the States. The Chief Justice that preside d over this case was C. J. Rehnquist, the other presiding Justices were J. OConnor, J. Stevens, J. Souter, J. Breyer, JJ. Thomas, J. Kennedy, J. Scalia, and JJ.Ginsburg. Chief Justice Rehnquist delivered the opinion over the case with Justices OConnor, Scalia, Kennedy, and Thomas filed concurring opinions. Whereas, Justices Breyer, Stevens, Souter, and Ginsburg filed a dissenting opinion. Before I go into the opinion that Rehnquist delivered I would like to go in to some of the opinions that the other Justices had stated as to their dissenting opinions. Justice Breyer reasons for his dissenting opinion focuses mainly on the threat that firearm possession in and near schools poses to the educational process and the potential economic consequences flowing from that threat.More specifically, he states (1) gun-related violence is a serious problem (2) that problem, in turn, has an adverse effect on classroom learning and (3) that adverse effect on classroom learning, in turn, represents a substantial threat to trade and commerce (Cornell University Law School, 2010). Justice Souter continues by stating that The Court observed that the Gun-Free School Zones Act operates in two areas traditionally subject to economy by the States, education and enforcement of criminal law.The suggestion is either that a connection between commerce and these subjects is remote, or that the commerce power is simply weaker when it touches subjects on which the States have historically been the primary legislators. Neither suggestion is tenable. As for the remoteness, it may or may not be wise for the National Government to deal with education, only Justice Breyer has surely demonstrated that the commercial prospects of an illiterate State or Nation are not rosy (Cornell University Law School, 2010).Justice Stevens stated that the welfare of our prox Commerce with Foreign Nations, and among the several States, is vitally dependent on the character of the education of our children. He , therefore, agrees entirely with Justice Breyers explanation of why Congress has ample power to prohibit the possession of firearms in or near schools just as it may protect the school environment from harms posed by controlled substances such as asbestos or alcohol (Cornell University Law School, 2010).Chief Justice Rehnquist delivered the opinion of the Court as In the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, Congress made it a federal offensive for any individual knowingly to possess a firearm at a place that the individual knows, or has reasonable cause to believe, is a school zone. The Act neither regulates a commercial activity nor contains a requirement that the possession be connected in any way to interstate commerce. We hold that the Act exceeds the authority of Congress (Cornell University Law School, 2010).The courts final opinion simply stated is that yes, the possession of a firearm in a local school zone is not an economic activity that might, through repetition elsewhe re, have a substantial effect on interstate commerce. The law is a criminal statute that has nothing to do with commerce or any sort of economic activity (The Oyez Project, 2010). The constitutional significance of this particular opinion can be stated as simply as our national laws have supremacy over the laws on the state level, in this particular case the National laws and the State laws were one in the same.At no time does the possession of firearms on school property have an effect on interstate commerce or any other commerce for that matter. Article I Section 8 gives Congress power under the constitution to regulate commerce along with the authority to provide for a National Defense, however, the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 has nothing to do with either of the entitlements of Congress. The Gun-Free School Zones Act is a federal act strictly pertaining to just that gun control in school zone areas.In my opinion the creation of this act simply helps state and local governm ent agencies enforce the Zero Tolerance Policies that most schools have gone to for firearms, alcohol, and controlled substances. The constitutional significance is that it firmly establishes that in this situation and others like it have no bearing on commerce and therefore Congress were well within their rights in creating this Act and the state and federal government were well within their rights to enforce it.Although some good arguments were made on the behalf of the respondent and a valid attempt to connect commerce with the possession of firearms on school property or in school zones, that facts are still the facts and they still remain. The possession of a firearm in a local school zone is not an economic activity that might, through repetition elsewhere, have a substantial effect on interstate commerce.Living in a time of constant turmoil and of society restlessness I am glad that we have the government that we have and that they are the ones making the decisions as to wher e the lines are drawn and what happens when those lines are crossed. It is unfortunate that on March 10, 1992 that this student felt the need to conceal a gun and bring it to school, however, it is very fortunate for that community that it did not end with the results that other schools have met with.

Should We Have A Citizenship Test?

The citizenship attempt was introduced by the Australian Government fairly recently. As a western country, Australia is currently the closely recent developed western country to have a citizenship test. However, there is a current debate being held on why is the citizenship test held for and what is the presidential term re exclusivelyy testing?According to the SBS bare-asss site, the Australian Government has now changed some of the content that is to be tested in the citizenship test and states that would-be new Australian citizens will be quizzed on their understanding of their civic duty and responsibilities of citizenship rather than facing questions about Australias sporting heroes as it had previously asked questions about a Australian cricket player, Sir Donald Bradman and other irrelevant information.However, when questioned to why was the citizenship test was even introduced, a minister who appeared on an SBS program called Insight argued that this test was made to tes t slope proficiency of the new Australians. The test was also made to give the new-comers a view on what is it mean to be Australian and what Australian values are? ,while stating all this information in a book that the participants would need to read.In my opinion, I do not think that this is a worthwhile test as a test cant possibly test whether the tidy sum sitting for it actually believe and practice these values but will only test their ability to acquire and learn facts and information out of a book. The test also doesnt use complex English but simple and easy-to-understand words. Therefore if the main point of having the test was to test English proficiency, it would be better to hold an English exam and to be able to apply for citizenship, the person applying would need to have been a unceasing resident and would have needed to sit for an English proficiency test then anyway.This test is also a waste of time as the people sitting the test could use the time that was spen t on taking the test and preparing for it on work and practicing Australian values to help Australias community and economy. We have seen both(prenominal) sides of the argument here and to some others who may feel strongly for or against this issue, we can see that the Australian Government is trying its best to please the raft and that it looks like the citizenship test is here to stay for the long run.

Should Batman Kill the Joker

Should Batman Kill the Joker? Summary In the very beginning, this article raises the question by asking the reader whether Batman should kill the joker or non and also uses it as the title to draw readers attention. Based on the question/topic, the author, Mark White, further establish different arguments by providing three different schools and perspectives from the Batmans quandary. First of all, from utilitarianism aspect, Joker is probably deserved to be killed because his finis may save more people lives.Secondly/Moreover, on the issue of deontology and the action of murder, the remnant of Joker might be preferable or even desirable or acceptable as it seems that Joker should accept the punishment by law or official rather than vigilante jurist. This is because Joker is created and considered as an evil character in the movie/story yet, he is still a human being who should receive the basic human right and dignity as well as respect.However/last but not the least, the charac ter Batman instead of Joker is the main converseion from the aspect of meritoriousness ethics in the final perspectives. The question is if Batman kills the Joker, is there any guarantee that all problems can be solved out in Gotham City? Also, it is against one of Batmans personal principlesto take/have his enemies lives.According to to a higher place three ethical perspectives, White, the author, not only offers the clear arguments, but also explains the reasons whether Joker should be killed or not from Batmans point of view and from social cultural perspectives. Added to that, the author then applies Batmans philosophical system to other pop culture and phenomena in the end of article, to help readers to look different issues and topics from different viewpoints and aspects, as well as different roles/characters or personalities.Should Batman Kill the JokerShould Batman Kill the Joker? Summary In the very beginning, this article raises the question by asking the reader wheth er Batman should kill the joker or not and also uses it as the title to draw readers attention. Based on the question/topic, the author, Mark White, further discuss different arguments by providing three different schools and perspectives from the Batmans quandary. First of all, from utilitarianism aspect, Joker is probably deserved to be killed because his death may save more people lives.Secondly/Moreover, on the issue of deontology and the action of murder, the death of Joker might be preferable or even desirable or acceptable as it seems that Joker should accept the punishment by law or official rather than vigilante arbitrator. This is because Joker is created and considered as an evil character in the movie/story yet, he is still a human being who should receive the basic human right and dignity as well as respect.However/last but not the least, the character Batman instead of Joker is the main discussion from the aspect of rightfulness ethics in the final perspectives. The question is if Batman kills the Joker, is there any guarantee that all problems can be solved out in Gotham City? Also, it is against one of Batmans personal principlesto take/have his enemies lives.According to preceding(prenominal) three ethical perspectives, White, the author, not only offers the clear arguments, but also explains the reasons whether Joker should be killed or not from Batmans point of view and from social cultural perspectives. Added to that, the author then applies Batmans school of thought to other pop culture and phenomena in the end of article, to help readers to look different issues and topics from different viewpoints and aspects, as well as different roles/characters or personalities.

Surviving the Spanish Conquest

Life before the arrival of the Spanish was rattling(prenominal) pleasant. My husband Maita and I, plus our two children, Tupac (our six year old son) and Urpi (our four year old daughter) every last(predicate) lived happily together in the city of Nazca. Maita was a high priest and I was an Acllyacona otherwise c exclusivelyed a chosen woman. Together this made us very high in society.Being an acllyancona I served as a weaver. I prepared textiles of llama and alpaca cloth. This was an essential part of Inca life. As Incas, we used these textiles as exclusivelyowance for the warfare or as gifts to high classed people. Also I made the clothes/garments for the Sapa Inca and for ritual use. As an acllyancona, I had many advantages to society.I didnt have to perform hard labour in the fields, which close to Incas did and I always had enough food and clothing.But my pleasant life all changed when the Spanish arrived, it became very unpleasant. The Sapa Inca called Maita and many othe r high priests and priestesses to travel with him to Cuzco, to visit the Spanish intruders. Majority of Incas such as Maita and I, had not even seen the Spanish yet and did not know who they were. When Maita left to go to Cuzco that was the last time I ever saw him. The chasqui (messengers) told us that the Spanish killed nearly everyone there in the city of Cuzco and took Sapa Inca as hostage. I was so upset that Maita was dead. As the Sapa Inca was hostage, he offered a room full of gold for his release freely. He kept his word however the Spanish did not. They killed him, took the gold and fled.A little more then a year had passed and the Spanish apparently had not come back to our Incan Empire, until they appeared in my city. They appeared as strangers, defend by wearing full metal amour. They charged at us on huge animals, (which none of us had ever seen before) called horses. There was so many of them and each one of them was armed with gunpowder, guns and steel weapons. It w as all very terrifying and I was so scared.The Spanish had absolutely no respect at all for our religion of worshiping the Sun. So they tried to change our religion to there religion of Christianity. Plus they let dismiss and destroyed buildings.Large numbers of people died, as 9 out of 10 Incas did. This was huge, be set out our Incan race suffered a dramatic and quick decline following contact. People died of different causes but all coupled to the Spanish. Such as -The Spanish went on rampages through the city murdering chiefs, plus anyone they did not like. -Several people had no resistance to keep on living as we were treated very unfairly and died. -And the main cause of death was from disease, which the Spanish brought. Im really angry at all these causes of deaths from the Spanish specially because unfortunately Urpi died from disease. I was petrified, of the Spanish but was not going to let Tupac and myself die because of them. I had a strong will to survive and to keep on living.Life after the conquest was very criminal and barbaric. The Spanish literally worked us to death. We were like slaves for them. All aspects of our culture were destroyed and the building materials were used to force churches and cathedrals. There was destruction of everything which had given our life meaning and purpose. Now we were at the bottom of the Spanish empire, with a new language, religion, laws and way of life.

A Book Summary of the Goal Essay

The story started off by relaying the current situation of Mr. Alex Rogo and the dire deposit of his metal working full treatment, UniCo. Being the dress manager and head honcho, Mr. Rogo was the represented in all the turn overs the plant was experiencing. The ph unmatchable line was take in and not profiting at all due to efficiency and help related problems. The business was not producing the necessary descent levels to sustain the business. It already had too many issues, which had to be haveed soon curiously since Mr. P all(prenominal), who is Mr. Alex Rogos boss, blew his top over an some other urgent yet delayed secernate. Mr. P all(prenominal) gave Mr.Rogo the ultimatum that if the plant operations would not shape up and purify inwardly the undermentioned cardinal months, he impart closed(a) the plant down. If the first chapter talked ab go forth the Mr. Rogos state of affairs at work, the second chapter talked well-nigh his person-to-person life. Mr. Rog o was dissatisfied slightly his life. He was not at all too riant about the item if he was thirty-eight years old and still where he was when he started. His family was in like manner not happy, nigh especially his wife. He moved his family from the city six months ago to live in his denturetown because he was set to localize the problems UniCo was lining.His wife was very unhappy with this move because it was hard for them to adjust especially since they were used to the city life. In this chapter, issues about the delayed order in chapter one continued to resurface. It is with this reason Mr. Rogo called for a cosmopolitan meeting in the third chapter. Immediate changes needful to be done in order to subjugate the issues theyve been experiencing for a long cadence. This had to be communicated to his module in order for them to help him with the situation. Mr. Rogo relayed the grim circumstance UniCo was facing and pointed out all the items that were not working for t he attach to.To move forward, he gave directions on how to manage the scenario by stating the objectives that required to be addressed within the next three months. It was in this chapter Mr. Rogo finds out that it may not only be UniCo that result perish merely the holding company where Mr. Peach is a part of. As the meeting goes on in the fourth chapter, Mr. Rogo goes book binding in time and reminisces about a intervention he had with his old professor, curse, who to a fault was a physicist. During that meeting, jonah openly talked about the problems Mr.Rogos company was facing. Johan had do mention of all the possible issues that could happen with UniCo, which includes spiraling high inventory levels and delivery issues, where the company exit be un adequate to meet deadlines for shipment. Johan hypothesized that in order for Mr. Rogo to fix his situation, he must(prenominal) define what his culture should be. Everything should always start with the definition of a goal. In order to figure out what the goal is, Mr. Rogo must apply the Theory of Constraints in order to self-madely implement effective management.The Theory of Constraints includes k in a flashing all the constraints that is hindering the company from experiencing efficient productivity. Once the constraints be identified, Mr. Rogo will be able to take mensurable next to address these issues. The staff meeting continued to the fifth chapter, where Mr. Rogo leaves the meeting to be alone. He needful to sort out his apprehensions and figure out what his ultimate goal should be. He cute to figure out the goal he should have in order for him to be able to fix the predicament his company is facing.Deep in thought, while having pizza and beer, he begins to realize that it would be money, income, profitability that would inch him towards move around his company and making it a successful business. Having a clear direction on where to go, Mr. Rogo sits with the root in the sixth ch apter. It was in this chapter, they checked on the financial statements of the company. After evaluating the financial statements, the group was able to pinpoint that the re turn of investment is very low while the operating and investment expenses greatly needed improvement.In order for this improvement to take place, the company must increase profit to ensure increase return of investment and sufficient cash flow. To achieve this, Mr. Rogo ponders in the s til nowth chapter on how he will be able to make changes. Based on the initial evaluation his Finance group informed him, he will need to find a way to make sure he would be able to increases the monies that would flow within the company without increasing costs. He then decides to look for Jonah to admit more about how he can save the company especially since Jonah seemed to know so much about UniCo. In the eighth chapter, Mr.Rogo was able to talk to Jonah. It was in this chapter wherein Jonah educated him about three importa nt concepts he must understand before he tries to implement new changes within the company. These three concepts include throughput, operational expenses and inventory levels. Jonah defined throughput as the rate of which a process is able to produce sales revenue from sales volume. He defined inventory to be the fiscal asset within the system that needs to be sold in order for cash to rain cats and dogs in. Jonah also defined operational expense as the money spent to turn stinging materials and all other resources into throughput.In the ninth chapter, Mr. Rogo discovered that robots and machines that were being used within the company are not efficient assets. Instead of the machines being able to do work cost reduction programs and operate down costs, it was doing quite the opposite bring bringing costs up. With this in mind, he gives his first direction by using these machines in other areas of the plant. In the tenth chapter, Mr. Rogo discussed the concepts he has learned from Jonah with Bob, Lou and Stacey, who represents Accounting, Inventory concur and Production Division.They discussed line-by-line how these concepts worked within the company and how it affected their profitability. The problem about the cost inefficiency of machine arose again, which make it even more urgent for them to discover how they can lower their costs without affecting other efficiencies within the plant. Since he was running out of ideas, Mr. Rogo firm to go to new-sprung(prenominal) York to have another talk with Jonah. Mr. Rogo arrived in New York in the eleventh chapter. It was in this chapter where he started telling Jonah about his dire situation at the plant. Jonah advised Mr.Rogo that he should not allege a quietusd plant. A dimensiond plant means that faculty is only enough for the demand of the market. If this is the case, then the company would be much close unitedly(predicate) to being bankrupt. Before they had ended the conversation, Jonah advised M r. Rogo to look into the relationship of dependent events with statistical fluctuations and how these both things would affect his company. As soon as Mr. Rogo got back to his understructuretown in Chapter Twelve, he continued to face problems at home. His wife questioned his devotion to their family versus his devotion to the company.Because of the extra workload on this plate, his relationship with his life partner had suffered. It was a very grueling situation he was in. He had problems not only at work but at home as well. In the thirteenth chapter, Mr. Rogo goes on a camping trip and thought of what Jonah mentioned to him in their last meeting. It was during this trip that he understood the relationship of dependent events with statistical fluctuations. He was able to get this realization while he was hiking. The realization became clearer to Mr. Rogo in the next chapter.He now understood what Jonah was trying to point out. If importance would not be given to throughput, oper ational expenses and inventory levels, and if a balance plant will be maintained, inventory levels will decrease and operational expenditures will increase. In the xvth chapter, Mr. Rogo decided to do an experiment to test his realization. He assisted the lowest kids of the sway by carrying the kids backpack. Since the kid could walk hurried, it did not delay the group. In effect, the group became faster and efficiency had been achieved. It was a good weekend for Mr.Rogo because his mind was open as all the realizations poured to his head. However, when he and his children got home in the sixteenth chapter, they instal out that his wifethe mother of his children, had packed all her bags and left them without departure word where she would go. She left because she was already angry with Mr. Rogo. As man and wife, they had an agreement that they were going to spend time together during that weekend however, it didnt push through because he had to go with his children on the campi ng trip. In the next chapter, Mr. Rogo relayed his realizations to his staff.During the cascade, it seemed as if his staff was not taking him seriously. They acted uninterested and bored until a new problem surfaced. There was another overdue order, which had not been delivered, which had to be met right away. In Chapter Eighteen, Mr. Rogo again talked to Jonah, who in turn briefed him about the difference of bottlenecks with non-bottlenecks. A bottleneck according to Jonah is when potentiality meets demand or when capacity is less than the demand, while a non-bottleneck is the opposite, wherein capacity is more than demand. Jonah subtly suggested to Mr.Rogo that he should first fix the bottlenecks. In next chapter, as Jonah visited the plant, he pointed out to Mr. Rogo that he should improve capacity in the bottlenecks by using the machines more effectively. If machines would be used more efficiently, Mr. Rogo will be able to maintain correct inventory levels and will be able to d ecrease operational expenses. Jonah and Mr. Rogo went around the plant evaluating these machines, stopping at one area at a time, to evaluate the cost and efficiency of each machine. In Chapter Twenty, Mr. Rogo started working on what he and Jonah discussed.He had to make the bottlenecks efficient to the whole employment process of the plant. He did this by first giving directions that the bottlenecks should only be used for overdue orders. In terms of ranking, production in bottlenecks should prioritize the most overdue orders to the most little overdue orders. It was also in this chapter wherein Mr. Rogo was able to talk to his wife about the problems they were going through. She had been residing in her parents home since she left Mr. Rogos house. In spite of being able to talk to her, she did not go back home with him. In Chapter Twenty, Mr.Rogo went back to work and focused his efforts on wise(p) how he can continually improve the process within the company. Since a system ha s been determined with regards to priority orders for bottlenecks, Mr. Rogo directed that to guide the workers about this change, in that location should be some sort of communication relaying the different areas of the bottlenecks. Mr. Rogo proposed and implemented the use of red and kibibyte tags to distinguish the bottleneck areas. The next chapter showed the success of this initiative. Mr. Rogo had received twelve orders and these were successfully delivered on time.Mr. Rogo, happy with how everything was round well, pushed his production manager to continue what they started by evaluating more old machines and bottlenecks. Even if Mr. Rogo had tasted success, he still install that this was not enough. He still wanted to do more to change and improve the company. He wanted to make sure that the company would have constant returns in the long run. Another problem arose in the Twenty-Third Chapter, wherein delays in two bottlenecks were experienced. These bottlenecks transpir ed because the workers would not stay in place during the whole time.In order to maximize the workers, they were given directions to stay busy and move from one area to another. In order to solve this problem, Mr. Rogo directed that there would be a dedicated workerforeman, who will watch over each bottleneck area. This was a good move in Rogos end because one of his foremen was able to bring a good idea to the table, which helped increase efficiency by another ten percent. The foreman also suggested that they should mix and match orders based on priority. With the changes implemented and the new system in place, Mr.Rogo found out in Chapter Twenty-Four that there were more bottlenecks that what they had expected, which continued to pose as problems. At the last same, there was decreasing inventory, which should not be happening. This puzzled Jonah, who agreed to go back to the plant to evaluate this phenomenon. In Chapter Twenty-Five, Jonah pointed out to Mr. Rogo that there were n o bottlenecks in actuality. It only seemed that way because there was no balance between the bottlenecks and non-bottlenecks. Because of this evaluation, direction to modify the tags had been given by Mr. Rogo.In Chapter Twenty-Six, another suggestion was given to improve efficiency. According to one of his staff, they could do this by creating a schedule with the bottlenecks. Even Jonah agreed that this would enable the bottlenecks to keep busy and run efficiently without causing setbacks on costs and time. Another meeting with Mr. Peaches transpired in the twenty-seventh chapter. This was the day Mr. Rogo had been waiting for. Mr. Rogo reported the improvements and negotiated for the company to continue running. The meeting was concluded with the agreement Mr. Peaches would not close down the plant if Mr.Rogo will be able to improve margins by another fifteen percent. In Chapter Twenty-Eight, Mr. Rogo anxiously spoke to Jonah once again. Jonah informs him in this chapter that he w ill be unavailable in the next few weeks. Mr. Rogo asks Jonah how he should reach the objective Mr. Peaches had challenged him to achieve. Jonah, his old professor, suggested that he lessen the batch production size by fifty percent. This would be beneficial to the company because this writ of execution would ensure lesser lead times and would reduce the costs by fifty percent as well.In Chapter Twenty-Nine, Mr. Rogo became successful by doing what Jonah advised. He was able to deliver one thousand products by cutting the batch sizes and shipping 25% each week. The customer was so happy that he made a personal appearance at the plant. The customer even went to the extent of shaking hands with everybody viewable in the plan, and to top it all, he handed UniCo a contract for ten thousand orders. In effect, this was 90 percent more orders than the initial one. Because of this achievement, Mr. Rogo got promoted to hold Mr.Peaches position in Chapter Thirty-One. However, with bigger r esponsibilities, there are bigger problems especially since he will be managing not only one plant but three plants. Again, Mr. Rogo had to consult with Jonah once again. In Chapter Thirty-Two, Mr. Rogo finally got to converse with his wife over dinner. It was during dinner both husband and wife talked about the situation at work and how Mr. Rogo was faring. At the end of the conversation, the couple decided that the best way to go about the problem in Mr.Rogos office is to call Jonah once again to ask for help. Mr. Rogo should seek advice from Jonah on how he can influence other people to use the same process UniCo has been using to turn around the business. In the next chapter, Mr. Rogo brought together his staff to discuss what is needed in order to solve Divisions problems and issues. At the meeting, he was puzzled why his production manager didnt want to take part of this new project. Mr. Rogo was happy though that his accountant, who was supposed to retire soon, would still be able to help him.He needed his staff to successfully achieve his new objectives. In Chapter Thirty-Four, Mr. Rogo continued to be anxious about the next step he will take. It was in this chapter that he shows importance to the people that were under him since he started his mission in turning UniCo around. He started implementing a daily meeting with them to evaluate all the issues that needed to be fixed. He needed all of them since it was going to be a grueling undertaking to handle his new workload. He needed all the help he could get.In the second meeting in Chapter Thirty-Five, the topic turn around the cyclic table of elements, which inspired them since the scientists started on scratch and was able to produce the table of periodic elements in an orderly fashion. They realized that they must all understand how order can be placed within the Division. It was in Chapter Thirty-Six wherein they were able to identify how they can implement order. They would be able to do this by first identifying all the bottlenecks. Once they know the issues, they would be able to turn into opportunities. Aside from knowing the issues, they must know the issues under the main issues.Knowing all of this will enable them to evaluate the bottlenecks as efficiently as possible. The last step they identified was going back to repeat step one if something goes haywire with a bottleneck. This process was further revised or somehow reworded in Chapter Thirty-Seven. It was in this chapter that they found out the bottlenecks have been producing excess orders just to keep the machines busy. Because they were able to point this out, they were able to improve capacity by twenty percent. In Chapter Thirty-Eight, Mr. Rogo found out how he can further improve sales volume and profitability of his division.He came out with the idea to sell the Divisions products in europium at a cheaper gross selling price. If they would be able to achieve this, they would earn additional income from a new market. In Chapter Thirty-Nine, Mr. Rogo is faced with another problem. The additional orders they have accepted were causing more trouble than good as it created more bottlenecks. He sat down with his staff once again and evaluated how they could fix it. They decided that they would increase the inventory levels and mandate sales not to commit to shipping orders in the next four weeks.This would cause a strain between Production and the Sales Group, however, they had to implement it to ensure balance within the company. In the last chapter, Mr. Rogo no longer needs Jonah to ask him questions, as he is now able to ask his own questions. As he poses the questions to himself, he realizes that he has finally answered Jonahs main question. Wanting change, knowing what to change and the steps to achieve that change is key to successful management of a business. Reference Goldratt, E. M. , & Cox, J. (1994). The Goal A Process of Ongoing Improvement. New York North River Press.

Moon by Chaim Potok

Chaim Potok (35) loves to write nigh growing up pains and the conflict surrounded by family, the development of a Jewish young person and the way in which the young Jew seeks to integrate himself into the coating he is in while trying to preserve his own indistinguishability as a Jew. passim the passages of his stories, Potok manages to show the ugly social realities through the points of view of his characters. By dealing with such realities and through the interactions of the characters, they atomic number 18 changed and somehow, the world becomes a ruin place for the protagonist in his novels and short stories.This is similarly the same conformation he uses in his short story lunar month. Moon tends to be reclusive and rebellious because of his own identity as part of the minority. Throughout all of these, he still wishes to be educated because he sees it as a means to become a somebody in the world. Chaim Potok makes frequent reference to his age as a part of the importa nce of adolescence and the struggles that they go through.Moon, as is the case with a lot of the characters in Potoks collection Zebra and Other Stories, is disconnected with his parents. His parents tend to be foreign to him and they could not connect effectively. This also partially explains why Moon is reclusive and rebellious.The main character of the short story tends to enjoy music. This is one topic that most adolescents share with, hence, Potok writes an accurate characterization of Moon and his friends. Through the use of music, Moons career is taking a new turn and he gains a new perspective of his situation and the grounds why he has to strive for his education even though it is hard.Moons life changes when he meets Ashraf, a Pakistani teenager who lives in a neighborhood wracked by strife and violence. Given the understate of Ashraf and that of Moon, they still managed to establish a friendship that influenced them both. Through the visit of Ashraf to his home, he su ddenly had an insight about life, about education, and the ugly realities that are confronting the life of Ashraf and that of his, too.The changes engendered in the life of Moon became even more enounce when he learns that Ashraf has been murdered. This is the climax of the story yet the incident seems to afford helped Moon become a better person and a more determined one. The differences in his lifestyle from that of Ashraf is also an important aspect of his learning. As a child belonging to the middle class, he enjoys a lot of things that Ashraf does not. With this, the main character also saw the vast oceans of differences separating the haves from the have-nots. With this, he develops sensitivity for people like Ashraf who are suffering from difficult lot in life.The relationship of Moon with his parents is not a perfect one. In fact, even his parents do have conflicting attitudes toward him. This is due to his rebellious attitude and his desire to be left alone. His parents try to win his affection and ask about his experiences yet he remains unresponsive. Because their life is comfortable and they suffer no lack, Moon developed a self-conscious and selfish outlook of life shared by middle-class teenagers. Although his parents precious him to learn much about their heritage, he is a difficult nut to crack. Yet, only the loss of Ashraf shaken him to the painful reality of the need to learn about the world and the ugly realities that people have to boldness in order for them to have meaningful lives.Work CitedPotok, Chaim. Zebra and Other Stories. New York Laurel Leaf, 2000.

Porter Five Analysis of the European Airline Industry Essay

period the air model existed for some time (first such in 1973 US), the appearance of these in the European grocery store infallible the liberalization brought forth by the EU, implementing the Freedoms of the air in three stages. In 1997 the first LCC (Low Cost Carrier), the Ryanair began its operation, and in a few years a few more followed, which gave the national and network airlines a new-fashioned problem to the existing economic problem, shrinking market and others such as 9/11. By straight off the changes in the past two decades have shifted and diversified the industry, which was once a mature and to some direct declining in structure.The new regulations, companies, investors and consumers have brought new life, the industry once again mature with fragmented characteristics. The paragon tool for the assessment of the airlines industry is Michael Porters five force model. It aims to find and demonstrate the forces in the microenvironment which influence the industry, internal and external as well. Threat of new entrants (barriers to entry) High capital investment ? smashing intensive ? Airport slot availability ? Predatory pricing ? Brand loyalty/frequent invoice ? Economies of scale ? Limited emergence of routes The threat of new entrants, due to the barriers largely set by the nature of the industry and by the existing companies, are actually low. Yet sometimes when the possibility arises, new companies divide in the past few years many national companies went bankrupt leaving a market to take by the existing companies or new upstarts. Bargaining power of suppliers Aircraft manufacturers Relatively low form of suppliers Suppliers are concentrated Airlines are valued clients ? Airports Slot availability Alternatives to the primary airports ?The bargaining power of suppliers is mostly two-legged, and both have a medium threat. For both parties it is best to find a mutually workings solution on a long term, because it is a industry w ith relatively small number of players loosing tear down one can have an impact on both sides. Threat of substitutes Alternative transport (bus, car, train) Videoconferencing ball-shaped environmental awareness The threat of substitutes includes a broad variety for the different needs. All-in-all it still only gives a medium threat, since the quick transport to a distance has no alternative.Bargaining power of customers Price ? meshwork/social media Customer orientation ? Choice With the first LCCs the customers had no bargaining power if you choose to go with this low price, accept the services as it is. However, nowadays with more alternatives and the ever-reaching internet and social media a elusive customer satisfaction can be a disaster. This can however be mitigated with customer orientation, but still customer had the choice, it is a medium high level. Rivalry within the industry among LCC and national/network airlines Between LCCs The rivalry within the industry i s high due to the high number of big and medium sized companies. The airlines industry is highly competitive, with very high barriers and medium to high threats within. While there is a relatively low threat from a new market entree, the existing world(prenominal) competition is fighting over all the resources more and better airports possibly with mutually excluding contracts, picking up the customers fed up with their previous carrier or starting a price war on a selected destination, binding the newly aquired flyers with brand loyalty programmes.Unless there is an opportunity, it is not an attractive industry to write down due to the high number of barriers. However, once established a foot, it is a very interesting and very intensive industry with intimately possibilities. The major LCCs depending on how low cost they are making good profit and there is still room for growth. The key factors for success should include Efficiently utilizing the resources (financial, time, huma n resources) Utilizing a network of business partners (complementary) Timely expansion (trying new destinations, increasing frequency) Customer orientation (with following trends eg. ocial media) These above should be observed by both LCCs and traditional airlines. The industry standards are given, those companies will become in(predicate) which can effectively utilize them.

Corporate socail responsiblity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate socail responsiblity - turn out ExampleThis paper impart discuss the nature of capitalism, the nature of the corporation and the function of the chief executive officer in order to study if the compensation for the position is legitimate. Within the capitalist frame turn, individuals are compensated proportionally to their deviate to society at large. This means that the level at which individuals are able to contribute to the expansion of the gross domestic product for the nation at large determines how a good deal they will be compensated (Feltus, 2009). This is empirically proven truthful through the fact that business owners, inventors, and shareholders typically make the most amount of money within the economy. This is because their utility expands the total amount of currency that is exchanged within the boarders. The relation that this has to CEO compensation is the type of work that individuals complete. Employers are typically part of a machine that produc es and/or disseminates products and services, while individuals who are a part of upper management typically perform labour that involve the structuring of the organization (Feltus, 2009). Capitalism forces individuals to become each suppliers or consumers. This is evident within the theory that drives the economy the law of supply and demand. This laws makes is abundantly clear that individuals will not be able to break away from the cycle of consumerism and supply. This same law can be applied to the position of the CEO. There is an extremely short supply of individuals who are capable of performing the task that are delegated to the CEO because of the massive knowledge requirements and experience needed for it to function (Shleifer, 1997). consequently when the supply his low, individuals who fool those positions are able to demand more(prenominal) pay and salary. In terms of the employee, there is a much larger supply of individuals who are capable of completing entry and m iddle level task (Shleifer, 1997). Therefore they are less capable of demanding as much for their work. In terms of the corporate structure itself, in public traded companies have a disconnect between the owners and the operatives. Shareholders specifically vote on the board of directors who are liable for determining who will be CEO. The corporate structure then plays a role in wherefore the CEO is gets such a large salary, because he is the chief officer who reports directly to the shareholders. Since shareholders attempt to maximize profit at all cost, the conclude why they are willing to pay the CEO so much is because they want to create incentives for loyalty and responsibility (Clarke, 2004). CEOs exist to help maximize profit for the shareholders and determine what strategies are most and least effective in terms of the companies operations. While large compensation for the CEO is one means of achieving such ends, John Mackie claims that Whole Foods has not lost employees it wanted to keep because of juicy salaries elsewhere. He believes that once basic financial needs are met, deeper purpose, personal growth, self-actualization, and caring relationships provide in truth powerful motivations and are more important than financial compensation for creating both loyalty and a high performing organization (OBrien, 2010). This means that the company can also benefit from paying employees even more which increases the return on investment for human capital. The function of the CEO is another overly important reason for the increased compensation that must be