Great Society: Big Ideas

School Desegregation Montgomery Bus Boycott Tallahassee Bus Boycott Freedom Rides March on Washington Children's Crusade Freedom Summer Selma March and Bloody Sunday own words) Boycott – refusal to deal with something, such as a business, as a protest to force some kind of change Civil disobedience – intentional breaking of a law in a nonviolent or passive manner Civil Rights Movement – social movement of the asses ND asses to establish equality and civil rights for African Americans Integration – acceptance and equal access for all people into a group or place Segregation – enforced separation of groups Social activism – use of direct action to bring about social change 7. 03: Minority Rights: The Big Ideas How were the Civil Rights Movement and other social movements of the asses similar? How were women viewed by most of society in the asses? How did this change in the ASSES?What was the Equal Rights Amendment? What happened to it? Who were the United Farm Workers? How did they fight for their cause? What was the Native American Power movement? How did life change for Native Americans in 1953? What did Native Americans gain through social activism in the asses and early ASSES? Gray Panthers (Who were they and what did they fight for? ) National Organization for Women (NOW) (What were their goals? ) Betty Friedman Phyllis Scholarly Cesar Caves Events (Describe the event, its causes and effects) Civil Rights Act of 1964 (How did it affect different minority groups? ) 1961 – President's Commission on the Status of Women Title IX was passed

Synthesis Essay

â€Å"One person's craziness is another person's reality†(Tim Burton). In this quote, Tim Burton is pointing out that people have our own reality. Philosophically, reality is whatever we think or perceive. There is no true or real perspective. Our perspective depends on our morals and beliefs. All our life, we perceive knowledge and information through different forms of language. Hence, our perspective is also limited by the language. Language is one of the unique things that people have. Language puts limits on our thoughts. For example, when someone says dog, we all picture a different dog, therefore we perceive the information differently. Similarly, religious books influence the way of our thinking through the words or language in the book. Those words are ideas of someone else but we get so influenced by those words that we base our morals on it. Words are part of language which fixes an image in our minds. When we say dog, we picture a dog, not a lion or fish, because we are imprisoned by the language that we ourselves created. Those words in the biblical texts are from a perspective of a different person but we believe in his/her words, borrow the idea and we make our own beliefs which is still inspired by someone's perspective. Those beliefs define the world around us. Thus, through language we create our own limited world and imprison ourselves. Likewise, in the excerpt Cosmic Prison from the book The Invisible Prison by Loren Eiseley, the author argues, that human perspective is limited by language, culture and origin. In the Cosmic Prison, the author, Eiseley attempts to point out that perspective is limited and bounded by language. Language limits our thoughts and imagination: â€Å"Language implies boundaries† (Eiseley 31). Whenever we name a thing, we put limits in our imagination. According to Eiseley, man creates an â€Å"unnatural world of his own, which he calls the cultural world and in which he feels at home†(Eiseley 31). We are comfortable with our cultural world that we created ourselves but at the same time we feel imprisoned and long to escape. Eiseley develops an interesting analogy between man in his prison and white blood cells imprisoned within a living body. Both man and white blood cells a self contained and they don't seem to understand the world outside of them. Their perspective is limited by the boundaries of their realm. A cell may not know that it might be living inside another body. They don't see outside of their world. Similarly, people have their own perspective and they might think that the action done by another person is wrong whereas according to that person, his actions are right. People tend not to go outside of their perspective to walk the world through different shoes. We believe and trust our own perspective which is influenced by human knowledge obtained through language. Our perspective might be influence by someone's words or actions like media uses persuasive language and repetition to make us believe in something. For example, media showed most Muslims as terrorists only, thus making us believe that Muslims are terrorists. It changed our perspective on Muslims and limited our knowledge. Therefore, language creates boundaries and restricts our perspective. Furthermore, culture and our values limits our perspective too. In the article

Century Music Study Guide

Chopin (1809-1848) He often wrote some nationalism pieces such as a Mazurka that sounds like a Polish folk dance. He kept composing music until a few months before he died of tuberculosis. His music is made for solo piano. Wagner (1813-1883) A German who was a very controversial composer. HIS operas often included social and political ideas as he was openly anti-Semitic and his music was later used as Nazi propaganda. He built his own opera house in Bayreuth where he would put on performances of three operas.He didnt consider his operas to be operas but rather music dramas. Catchalls (1829-1869) He was an American composer and virtuoso pianist who was best known as a performer of his own works. Although born In New Orleans he achieved International fame. HIS musical training comes from the Paris Conservatory. Like Chopin, Catchalls also used nationalism in his music. Genres to know: Symphony Beethovens Fifth Symphony is in cyclic form which is a new form where individual movements off work are linked in some way. First few notes are fate notes.There are now extreme dynamics with the newly expanded orchestra that now Includes a piccolo and contrabass. Musical cells were played with opposed to long, flowing melodies. There Is a basic rhythmic motif In every theme. FIFO 19th century Italian opera Voices were thought to be superior and virtuosic. Showcases the voice, orchestra was used sparingly, dramatically realistic, appeals to listeners, and drama of text captured through music. Music drama The melodies were simpler to support the text and therefore the plot of the opera.In an effort to restore dramatic integrity to opera Wagers reforms include singing that was musical, yet clear, syllabic singing, less repetition in songs, sees structured flow, and the orchestra reflects the plot. Character piece A relatively short piece that captures a particular character. Solo piano work Concepts to know: Nationalism can generally be described as the result of pride in ones country Cyclic form Individual movements of a work linked in some way. The first 4 notes of this work are often referred to as the fate motive (short-short-short-long), and are said to represent fate knocking on ones door.The basic rhythmic motif (S-S-S-L) appears in every theme making it cyclic. Romanticism, and the affect of romanticism on composers Mode of thought that emerged in late 18th and early 19th centuries and placed unprecedented importance on imagination and subjectivity over reason and objectivity. The imagination and projection of individual emotions of the composers themselves took precedence over rationality and balance. Composers were seen as spiritual guides who had access to this special world. Music as political force During the Romantic era, many composers believed that composition could inspire listeners to action.There were also many uprising during his time in Europe. European populace questioned their government and political freedoms. Music was an important vehicle for expressing political sentiment. Leitmotif a brief musical phrase or idea connected dramatically to some person, ;vent, or idea in the drama Chamber music music performed in a private setting Expansion of the orchestra added the piccolo and contrabass to add range to the orchestra Questions to consider: century. Romanticism was more about how you think about art rather than a new form.The instrumental music from this era was now seen as music that could engage the imagination of listeners more directly and evoke ideas that emotions that could not be captured by words. Composers were now perceived to have a window on the infinite and the spiritual, and their social status rose accordingly. Provide examples of musicians who were both composers and virtuoso performers. Catchalls How did Wagner transform opera? How are his music dramas different from typical operas of the 19th century, such as those by Italian composers? 19th Italian Opera: voices were thought to be superior and virtuosic.Showcases the voice, orchestra was seed sparingly, dramatically realistic, appeals to listeners, and drama of text captured through music. Wagner: The melodies were simpler to support the text and therefore the plot of the opera. In an effort to restore dramatic integrity to opera Angers reforms include singing that was musical, yet clear, syllabic singing, less repetition in songs, less structured flow, and the orchestra reflects the plot. Provide some examples of nationalism in music, including pieces and composers. Chopping Mazurka in a-flat, pop. 7, no. 1. Hat are some general characteristics of 19th century music?Compare and contrast 19th century music with music from the Classic era. 19th Century: extremes explored, forms expanded, dynamics expanded, boundaries were pushed. Expanded orchestra Inch included more instruments to create more range (trombone, tube, contrabass, and piccolo). It was expressive and included nationalism. Performing composers like Beethoven, Chopin, and Catchalls. Classic Era: Approachable music for public, not virtuosic, forms established. How did 19th century music push the boundaries of musical traditions which were established in the Classic era? Provide examples.Forms were expanded such as cyclic form which didnt exist in the Classic Era. They emphasized extreme contrasts of textures between the simple and complex. They wrote music that ranged from the disarmingly simple to the fiendishly difficult, often within the course of the same Nor. They gave growing importance to program music which sometimes included exploring the darker side of human psyche. The orchestra was also expanded to enlarge the range by adding instruments such as the piccolo and contrabass. Explain the prevalence of large scale public works and smaller chamber works in the 19th century. In the 19th century there was a demand for music in the home because the Industrial Revolution increased that manufacturing of instruments which made instruments more affordable. No most households in the middle and upper class home had a piano. As a result for piano compositions and songs chamber music grew as a result. Some composers began to have music parties where they would from nationalism in which composers thought that their music could inspire the public thus performing it in front of large audiences would be most effective in getting their music across.Discuss the affect of a piano in every home on composers and music in general in the 19th century. In the 19th century there was a demand for music in the home because the Industrial Revolution increased that manufacturing of instruments which made instruments more affordable. No most households in the middle and upper class home had a piano. As a result for piano compositions and songs chamber music grew as a result. Inch made instruments more affordable. No most households in the middle and

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 29

Personal statement - Essay Example The marriage was rocked with physical abuse inflicted in me by my so called husband and domestic violence became the order of the day in our home. Eventually I decided to move out and seek a domestic violence shelter not only for my safety but that of my child as well whom I did not want to grow up in such an abusive environment from a tender age. During that time, I had no knowledge of the legal proceedings that married couples underwent in case of divorce and hence when I was served with the divorce papers, I eagerly signed them without even knowing that it was possible for me to contest it in order to receive a fair share of property from my marriage. However, I got a lawyer later on and it is this lawyer that helped me put my acts together and gave me the strength to go on living and fighting to rebuild my life once again. I was able to stay positive and overcome several obstacles until now I can stand on my two feet and be able to support myself and my son without any support. This traumatizing period of my life taught me a lot but what I remember most vividly is how legal help can assist women undergoing what I went through and help them put their lived back together on the right track. Many give up and face so many obstacles and challenges that lead them to destitution. Lawyers committed and dedicated to their work can offer skills and logic all based on law and which can inspire and motivate the women not to give up on their lives and that of their children simply because of the traumas of that dark period of their lives. I would like to study law simply for this sole reason of assisting women undergoing difficult divorces and domestic violence cases and who have lost all hope. I would like my experience and my legal position, skills and abilities be not only an inspiration and motivator but also a stepping stone to their ultimate

Advertising Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Advertising Analysis - Essay Example This paper analyses advertisement by the Coca Cola Company and important features that they relay to the consumers and the entire world One advert by the company is the approach to the 125th birthday. The advert shows how the company’s journey over the years. The advert gives thanks to its esteemed customers for helping the company to achieve its highest levels. The photo below shows one of the photos published during this advert. In the photo, we see that people of different generations enjoying the coca cola drink. This means that the Coca Cola Company has served its customers from generation to generation. Additionally, it implies that the company does not prefer a certain generation over other generations. The company identifies and attends to all generations. In the advert, there was a background music playing, ‘I’d like to buy the World a Coke’. This is a catchy song that attracts customer’s attention and their interest in the advert, as well as the company’s products. This advert uses a simple tone in attracting customers. The language used in the advert is upon realism. It does not give any essence of racism, but it only magnifies the importance of the Coca Cola products. The second advert published by the company is the Coca Cola’s super bowl advert. This advert was meant to identify and embrace the cultural diversity of America, and hence, celebrate the super bowl. The super bowl is the most watched televised sporting events in the globe, which has a global audience of about 100 million. This advert was aired during the super bowl that captured the nation’s cultural demographic. The advert showed people different races and creeds. â€Å"It included what was believed to be the first gay parents in a super bowl commercial† (Kludt 2). There were pictures and videos of the wild, mountainous U.S. countryside and the presence of black children dancing on the streets. Additionally, there were surfers who were paddling in the waves as a

The Media and Its Responsibilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Media and Its Responsibilities - Essay Example The media has continued to crusade for rights of the minority, better healthcare, improved education standards, environmental conservation in ways that seek to improve the welfare of communities and groups. To this extent, the media remains a formidable force for positive social transformation for the present and future generations. On the negative side, the media has incurred criticisms from groups, individuals, and sections of the society for practices considered generally unethical or harmful to consumers (Ward, 2011). Claims of explicit content reaching children and individuals with sensibilities continue to affect the positive aspects of the media. Moreover, there are increasing concerns of unethical professional practices among journalists and media houses with calls of increased regulation coming from religious organizations and other facets of the society’s leadership. It is important to consider the fact that some of the criminal activities in the society have been blamed on the loose regulations of the media content particularly with regard to uncensored exposure of pornographic materials and violent media content (Ward, 2011). The negative aspects of the media have tended to increase with the increasing regulation of the airwaves and the growth of the information communication and technology i nfrastructure across the globe. Philosophically, a comprehensive analysis of the media and its responsibilities could incorporate the theories of utilitarianism, virtue ethics and deontology. Both the positive and the negative aspects of the media could be assessed in terms of the ethical underpinnings on which the various actions are based. According to the theory of deontology, people should adhere to their obligations and duties, whenever they make decisions and judgments that have the nature of a moral dilemma (Shafer-Landau, 2012; White, 2009). According to this theory, the moral rightness or wrongness of an action

Explain the significance of purity and pollution in the caste system Essay

Explain the significance of purity and pollution in the caste system - Essay Example But as time passed, the caste system became a water tight social compartment. Caste system is not peculiar to India. It existed and still exists in parts of Egypt, Europe etc, though in some milder forms. The world caste owes its origin to the Portuguese word 'casta' meaning 'lineage' (Ghurye, 1999, 31). PA Sorokin in his book "Social Mobility writes "Unstratified society with real equality of the members is a myth which never been realized in the history of mankind and when class is somewhat strictly hereditary, we may call it caste" Many theories have been promulgated to account for the origin of the caste system in India (Dumont, 1961, 75). The political theory states it was a shrewd trick of upper class Brahmins. The occupational theory traces it origin to the family's occupation. The racial theory traces its origin to the fact that different races organize their own race to form a separate caste. The mythical theory points towards its creation by the god to perform different functions And last of all comes, the Evolutionary Theory. This theory maintains caste system as a social phenomenon, the origin of which lies in social evolution which came into being through a long and slow evolutionary process. It is quite possible that during the evolutionary process some ugly things did make their entry into the system. The one and probably the worst was the custom of 'untouchability'. With improvement in education, this social evil has almost disappeared from the society. Right from the beginning of twentieth century British officials have used the term 'backward classes' to indicate low status backwards castes, and 'depressed classes' to mean the former untouchables or Scheduled castes (now dalits). They do not seem to have been particular about the terms used, and such sloppiness has continued in independent India. It so worth noting that terms such as Backward classes and Scheduled Castes also served as euphemisms for such unpleasant realities as low castes ands untouchables' (Beteille, 1965, 46). Still the caste system is not without its merit, which should not be ignored. It was based on the division of labor and thus enabled society to function efficiently. It made labor more efficient as the hereditary skill in at was transformed from father to son. Castes served as the social insurances in the society and helped their members in time of need. The caste system solved the problem of choosing careers and the problem of unemployment did not arise. The system provided united action against exploitation. Also by eliminating competition, it protected the poor. Thus for a Hindu the caste system has proved, '' his club, his trade union, his benefit society and his philanthropic society" (Ghurye, 1999, 67) To sum up, in each linguistic area there were about two hundred groups called castes with distinct names, birth in one of which, usually determined the status in society of a given individual, which were divided into about two thousand smaller units- generally known as sub- castes-fixing the limits of marriage and effective social life and making for specific cultural tradition. These major groups were held together by the possession, with few exceptions, of a common priesthood. There was a sort of an overall counting which grouped all of them into five or six classes overtly expressed or tacitly understood. Over a large part of the

Art History Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art History Paper - Essay Example This is usually different across the world and during the eras of time. Many individuals often experience the confusion when they have a different choice of opinions being offered from many sources in terms of the meaning of art. These opinions conflict with each other leading to even more confusion. This paper aims at expounding the relationship between society and art, based on two magazines photos, the photo of Marilyn Monroe and sculpture from MOMA bringing out the three works of Art and interpretation of photographs, from which the particular basis of art stems in. The photographs are from a magazine, and entails of two models, which in this case are titled Superstars and Superbitch. A well dressed gentleman and a lady both with grey suits. They look professional and their pause, looks and dress codes tells a lot. However, there is a caption based from Stout Hilary’s quote that talks about the man being good at his job, and the tells the readers that they are also good at their work. He then asks why the successful women look very different from the men, and how we can break from such labels and forget about it. The relationship between society and art is simple but complex depending on the work of the artist. Artists tend to give a definition to trends of how they look at it, acting as propagandist and defining the movements. The artist also symbolizes the principles of culture or rather act as a mirror. Some artists try to bring out new trends and thoughts, which relies on what and how he or she is trying to do. For example, some of the great artists who left a legend are; Gast John who helped in showing that the perfect American and his greatest point of his age. Audobon, who was ahead of time, was an innovator and a chronicle, showed the next step to Romanticism in its view of nature (Kleiner, 2011, Pg 72). The artist who took pictures of the two photographs â€Å"superstars† and â€Å"superbitch† seems to be ahead of time

Spain and England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spain and England - Essay Example There were frequent struggles over religious beliefs, and that culminated into the thirty years of war from 1618 to 1648. Catholic and protestant leaders manipulated the situations to befit their political interests. This paper seeks to examine the early modern rivalry between Spain and England, from the angle of the ensuing religious schism. It conspicuously shows how the rivalry strengthened each nation and explains the reasons why England emerged the dominant power by 1600, based on the accounts and examples captured in the book The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures, 3rd edition by Lynn Hunt et al. The religious war pitted France and Spain, which were predominantly Catholic and desirous of restoring Catholicism throughout Europe and England, which was predominantly protestant, under the Church of England. The rise of Church of England came under the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547). When Henry VII tried to end is marriage with Catherine of Aragon, so that he would marry Anne Boleyn, the Catholic Church opposed as result of which Henry VIII changed England’s religion, through the enactment of the Act of Supremacy of 1529. Henry VIII’s successors had different impact of the Church of England, most of which were influenced by Spanish catholic philosophy. For instance, Mary Tudor was married to Phillip of Spain, and the latter implored upon her to instill reforms at the Catholic Church in England. As a result of his role, Mary Tudor had over 300 Protestants executed (Hunt et al, 2010, 456). However, Elizabeth I (1558-1693) reestablished Protestantism, and she rejected proposals by Phillip upon the death of Mary. Therefore, as results of the differences between these 2 powers, there were internal strife and disorders in each country. For instance, in England, there was a catholic uprising in the North under the reign of Elizabeth, which she had to deal with, and because of her Protestantism policy, she faced two serious attempts to assassinate her, and there was always the threat of a Spanish invasion. To add, these powers interfered with each other’s activities, including using proxies to f ight their wars. For instance, Elizabeth I funded Dutch rebels engaged against Spain. Phillips II of Spain was determined to destroy political enemies in England, France and Netherlands. The wars took an economic toll on Spain, for by the time Phillip died; Spain could barely afford to wage wars against the Dutch, France and England. Phillip II, despite inheriting a lot of wealth, he used all his revenue to fund the conquest of France, the English protestants and the Ottoman Turks. The conflicts had escalated to a full war, in 1587, when Phillip, in response to the beheading of Mary Stuart-a catholic who was next in line to the throne and who had offered Phillip II of Spain her rights to the Scottish throne- sent his armada to attack England. His armada was heavily defeated, signaling a humiliating defeat to the Spanish Catholics while the Protestants rejoiced (Hunt et al, 2010, 457). Moreover, the two countries were faced with famine, starvation, economic recession and as results o f the constant wars between the 2 countries. For instance, in England, many people ate some bread and soup during the famine, that culminated in the passage of poor law in 1597, whose role was to order communities to support the poor. With regards to inflation, it arose out of the need for more money to support the warfare. As a result, the rulers raised taxes and depreciated the value of their money resulting to high inflation (Hunt

Eth125 Diversity Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Eth125 Diversity Worksheet Essay 1. What is diversity? Why is diversity valued? Diversity is having variety. Diversity is valued because there are all sorts of ethnic groups, races, household income ranges, etc. Diversity can be classified as basically what runs our countries economy in a way if you just think about it. All these races and ethnic groups with a various range of incomes and the more money made, the more money spent, which in return boosts our economy. 2. What is ethnocentrism? In what ways can ethnocentrism be detrimental to a society? Ethnocentrism is the belief in the superiority of the nation or group to which someone belongs. It can be detrimental to society because there are groups and people out there that don’t believe that the nation is superior and that everyone just needs to live their own lives not caring about anyone else. Some people have a negative attitude towards superiority in the nation and it’s government as a result of what our government does and what it doesn’t do also. Like people think the government is trying to take everyones homes away from them as a result of the government raising property taxes which is just plain stupid because there are so many low income families that can’t afford property taxes as it is and there’s going to end up being a lot of bank owned homes all over the U.S. if they keep raising taxes and what not. That’s the perspective I have on it. 3. Define emigration and immigration. Emigration is when someone intentionally moves from their home country to permanently settle in another. Immigration is when someone or a group of people move into another country or region to which they are not native in order to settle there. 4. What are some of the ways groups of people are identified? Ways groups are identified are race, ethnicity, religion and gender. 5. Why do people label and group other people? People label and group other people in order to give them a distinct identity in the society. Labeling can be both positive and negative to the individual that is being labeled. 6. Define culture. Is culture limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds? Explain. Culture is the behaviors and beliefs that are characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group. No, culture is not limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds as its a multi-layered property of our societies and people from other cultures are also influenced by the many groups of people that make up the country.

Analysis of Ti Tonic

Analysis of Ti Tonic Submitted by : Anubhav Singh   Ã‚   INTRODUCTION Ti-Tonics are propelled mixes of characteristic tea concentrates, fiber and plant polyphenols, intended to extinguish your thirst and sustain your body. Polyphenols are natures most intense cancer prevention agents and protectants.Its one of its kind products in the world in which the ingredients come from the wine making industry and fuse them to the beverage. Ti Tonic is injected with New Zealand grape seed that is normally removed utilizing our 100% Aqua Pure ® prepare that utilizations just water to extricate the bioactives from these organic prfoduct. This implies the bioactives are separated in their regular shape and not harmed by solvents, or brutal concoction extraction strategies. Whats more no substance or dissolvable buildups are in the last item. Solidify drying of the last item guarantees the movement of the concentrates is kept up and not pulverized.(Whats special, ti-tonics.com) Currently major export market is Australia. Ti Tonics won award of Best Tea Beverage by NZJBA which is New Zealand Juice and Beverage Association. Products offered by Ti Tonics are : Pomegranate Super Tea Blueberry Super Tea Passion Super Tea Mango Super Tea Nectarine Super Tea My market analysis will be conducted in India which is second Largest in terms of population after China. Market Research Analysis Tool I will be using PESTEL for this market research as PESTLE investigation is a market examination apparatus that considers outside variables that can influence a business. It gives a bird eye viewpoint of the whole environment from an extensive variety of focuses that one needs to check and screen while pondering on a particular idea/plan. PESTLE is the abbreviation which, when expanded stands for: P PoliticalE EconomicalS SocialT TechnologicalL LegalE Environmental POLITICAL: India Vote based system is the point of convergence of the Indian political framework, however is frequently compelled by social strains because of religious, position and semantic differences. India is the biggest vote based country on the planet and standards of popular government are profoundly dug in the Indian political framework. Indian assorted qualities is reflected in the elected political structure of government, where power is shared amongst states and the inside.Foreign Policy: After a time of unmistakable comrade/communist predisposition, India has step by step warmed up to Western Europe, the US and numerous other outside nations. India is likewise taking a shot at unhindered commerce assentions (FTA) with Canada and the EU to change exchange encourage and fortify its two-sided associations with the two districts. New Zealand- New Zealands political framework has a relative representation framework that gives rise to chance to both the gender; male and females. The nation has high scores in the World Bank administration pointers for 2014, which shows a solid democratic set-up and political security in the nation.The nation is additionally executing the New Zealand Inc. technique, which plans to enhance the nations outer export and import through strong foreign relations. The technique is relied upon to cover India, China, ASEAN, Australia and the Gulf Cooperation Chamber (MarketLine,2015) OBSERVATION:India is a political stable country; a relentless government does not mull over authoritative issues to effect business. On the other hand possibly it makes decisions and controls that pads relationship from political unbalanced attributes. There wont be any political danger in introduce this new healthy organic tea to Indian markets. ECONOMICAL FACTORS : INDIA Second largest workforce in the world India is home to the second biggest workforce, which is relied upon to increment altogether throughout the following four decades. This gives India a critical edge over contenders, for example, China. According to Survey, India a haven of stability amidst gloomy global economic landscape (Economic Times,2016) Global Workforce (millions),2014-19 Size of workforce in 2014Size of workforce in 2019   Ã‚   China 706.8 683.9 India 437.4 472.2 United States 136.0 140.7 Brazil 94.3 98.7 Russian Federation 66.2 66.7 Source Market Line Developed equity marketIndian value showcase has indicated enormous change throughout the years, on account of the control by SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India). SEBI is the controller of securities market in India. Indian value markets have ended up world class, all because of the push towards progression and strong control. Indian value markets have been named as one of the best in Asia, and the current governments push to open up the economy, has made the business sectors look all the more alluring. Securities exchange capitalization as a rate of GDP has ascended over the current years.( http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/bsi/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=21sid=b961b8a7-3983-4024-bcd9-636fef4e0edd%40sessionmgr101hid=124 ) New Zealand Resilient banking sector: The country has an adaptable keeping cash zone that weathered the overall fiscal crisis well. As of November 2014, there were 25 enrolled banks in the country. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group, Auckland Savings Bank, Bank of New Zealand, Kiwibank, and Westpac are the five essential trading banks. Out of the total enrolled banks, ten enlisted banks work in the country as branches of abroad consolidate banks.(PESTLE NZ) OBSERVATION- This information demonstrates that Indian economy steady and developing, it will be proposed to be a decent market for this sort of business. SOCIAL FACTORS: India-India is the most populous nation in the world after china with more than 1.2bn people.Current strength with social aspects are urrent quality with social perspectives are the developing extent of youthful people. The middle age in India was 27.3 years in 2015(CIA The World Fact book). Around 94.05% of Indias populace was assessed to be less than 65 years of age. Besides, 65.96% of the populace was assessed to be in the working-age gathering of 15-64 around the same time. Indian individuals put stock in enormous and rumoured brands. So they will incline toward huge and most presumed brand. New Zealand-The social scene of the nation is solid with a streamlined social welfare framework, human services administrations, and education. The nation has scored high on human advancement through great levels of social insurance, education, and salary. Future during childbirth is 80.90 years for the aggregate populace starting at 2014(country PESTLE, MarketLine, 2015). Newborn child death rate remained at 4.6 for every 1,000 live births in 2014, which has been an astounding accomplishment (CIA-The World Factbook).As per the UNDP Human Development Report 2014, the HDI for the nation is 0.910 and it is positioned seventh among 187 nations, a solid accomplishment.New Zealand also holds a strong educational sector which reflects in the high enrolment rates of 5-14 year-olds, which was at 100% in 2013(OECD Economic Survey, 2015). OBSERVATION:Ti Tonic will not face much difficulties in launching their product as there are more of younger population in India and they always look forward to try something good which is good in taste and healthier as well. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS : India- India has gained critical ground in the innovation segment. This is reflected by a sizable increment in the quantity of innovation establishments and number of licenses affirmed in the nation. Solid advance has been made in the telecom, IT, and IT-empowered administrations parts, and the nation has gotten worldwide acknowledgment in these regions. Despite the fact that India was a late starter in the biotech area, it has now settled a strong global reputation.In spite of the fact that the administration has been proactive in its endeavours to empower development in the innovation part, the nations Research and development consumption at 0.8% of GDP is much lower than that of other developing markets, for example, Brazil and China.( Country PESTLE, Market Line, 2015). As a result, Indias extent of cutting edge made fares, which are items with high RD power, has slacked behind its associates.India lacks in term of developed countries, as major population lives in rural areas so India needs to push to urban infrastructure and able to provide proper power supply to the sectors and develop its weak sections like high transportation costs , storage problems and not living up to the standards units food and beverage industry. New Zealand-New Zealand is very much furnished with institutional abilities for advancement and RD. Be that as it may; the low RD use is likewise reflected in the low number of licenses granted to the nation. The administration has reacted to the languor in development with specific measures. These are probably going to be viable over the long haul.(Country PESTLE, Market Line, 2015). Strengths of the New Zealand technological sector are institutional capabilities for innovation and strong ICT sector (Information and communications technology. OBSERVATION Organization needs to make suitable courses of action so as to profit appropriate mechanical offices with a specific end goal to defeat high transportation cost, sporadic power supply and capacity issues. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS : India Indias developing populace has put an inordinate weight on characteristic assets, for example, water, backwoods, sand, rocks and minerals, and nature. Quick urbanisation and industrialisation has bothered the issues of contamination and appropriate sanitation, representing a genuine risk to biodiversity. An inordinate dependence on fossil powers for the expanding vitality requests of the countrys enormous populace has expanded Indias share of worldwide nursery outflows. Truth be told, the air in a large portion of the urban communities in India is perilously contaminated.Climate Action Plan India while submitting its climate action plan to the United Nation body in Bonn, Germany, in October 2015, made a commitment to increase its share of clean energy to 40% of its total energy, by 2030(India PESTLE report, MarketLine 2015) It pledged to fight the climate change by taking the energy efficient route and by systematically cutting down its emission intensity. It also clarified t he assistance that it requires from the developed world in face of technology transfer and cheaper access to international finance, including the Green Climate Fund. New Zealand- New Zealands natural issues are very much overseen, with different approaches being executed for ecological protection. The nation has arrangements checking air quality, biodiversity, environmental change, vitality, risky substances, and asset administration and wastage control. The nation has taken numerous activities to enhance its air quality and has set up new gauges under the National Ecological Standard on Air Quality to empower the business to accomplish larger amount of consistence. OBSERVATION:India being biodiversity , and its own well renowned vineyards- SULA Vineyards, Nashik, the manufacturing of Ti Tonics can be carried out as the main ingredients come from the vineyards, so this can also reduce the export and import cost to the country. LEGAL: Rules and Regulations- Government goes ahead with a proposal to levy a steep 40% goods and services tax (GST) on such beverages (The Economic Times, December 5, 2015).due to increasing health diseases. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has chosen to take 2% for exports and 1% for domestic sales on the utilization of foreign exchange check and brand name. Organization that is framed in India by non-natives are subject to pay the expense same as some other residential organization i.e. 33.66% Food And Health Safety: INDIA- FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Recently due to presence of lead in the Maggi which is the product of renowned company Nestle, FSSAI banned the maggi in India which costed Nestle $67 million. (Erika, F. April 2016) NEW ZEALAND- NZBC (New Zealand Beverage Council) According to a recent article Govt take all important measures to keep its food and beverage standards high and up to the mark. Recently A minister has suggested that the recent outbreak of white spot disease that has threatened to destroy a third of Australias farmed prawn industry could be blamed on seafood importers knowingly selling diseased goods which is now being taken care of. (FSANZ, Jan 2017).Also, New Zealand government is likewise wanting to acquaint assess on beverages with confine the measure of sugar devoured by youngsters (Broughton C, 2016). Observation- As Tonic Ti will be presented in India, it need to stay aware of all the new standards and controls and furthermore, This can influence the cost and this will specifically influence the offers of the item. SIMILARITIES AND CLASHES: BACKGROUND TO INDIA-NEW ZEALAND TRADE : New Zealand has a longstanding and amicable association with India, strengthened by regular social connections, for example, a typical dialect, popularity based conventions, and donning relations. Truly be that as it may, this relationship has not brought about exchange extension between them.In 1986, a Trade Agreement amongst India and New Zealand was marked which accommodated the foundation of a Joint Business Council and a Joint Trade Committee ((New Zealand High Commission to India). India has received a Look East arrangement, and has joined cooperation in territorial foundations, for example, the East Asia Summit (EAS) and the ASEAN Regional Forum (MFAT, 2010). This has implied that India and New Zealand are associating all the more consistently in the provincial setting. Indias Share in World Trade Source UN Comtrade Database New Zealands Share in World Trade Source UN Comtrade Database As of now respective exchange streams amongst India and New Zealand are at beneath anticipated that levels analyzed would the worldwide exchange profiles of both nations as uncovered through exchange streams. Respective exchange is additionally limited to a tight scope of items. Regardless of the way that there is impressive potential to both increment and expand exchange given the exchange complementarities that exist between the two nations that so far remain moderately undiscovered.The stunning growth of China and India since 1990s has basic impact on trade. These economies considerable markets with bewildering advancement and related open entryways give the associations and associations dynamic business open entryways and additionally have given unrivalled wander returns. The little size of the New Zealand grandstand makes for it more obligatory, to find and explore exporting and international investment opportunities. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) :It alludes to the amount of the cash expected to buy a given unit of a good, or basic set of merchandise and enterprises. Purchasing power is unmistakably dictated by the relative average cost for basic items and swelling rates in various nations. Acquiring power equality implies levelling the purchasing power of two monetary nations by considering these averages cost for living and swelling contrasts (Economics online). 17.00 Indian Rupee is proportional to one US Dollar in regards to purchasing power in 2014. (World Bank Report) GNI Per capita Income for India (market conversion scale) $ 1610 If we talk about both the countries, the purchasing power differences between both are as follow respectively: New Zealand holds 62 rank worldwide in terms of the GDP Purchasing Power which is 168,187 (billions of $)(Revoly, 2015) Source mecometer.com GDP Purchasing Power Parity of India secures 3rd rank worldwide in terms of Purchasing Power which is 8,642,758 (billions of $).(Revoly, 2015) Source mecometer.com The above figures clearly shows that the India holds a lead in terms of purchasing power and launching a new business in India can be a good idea and can get a fortune in returns if scaled properly. Clashes that the company might face while entering the Indian market are: Existing competitors in the market like organic India. Convincing people to use organic products. Many people still believe in good old taste and production. Due to religion, some might not prefer as it contains ingredients from vineyards. Targeting the right segment with right pitch. TARGET MARKET: As the product offered by the company is organic, the target audience would be different. It is important for the company to understand who their target audience would be. For this particular product it is important for the company to target the niche market or niche consumers in the society.The target audience could also be the educated society or the younger population. As India has a large population of young and educated people. It would important for the company target this audience.Also, the younger generation is more health conscious that the other segments of the society. It gives the company an opportunity to enter the market using this target audience. Also the product being expensive it is important for them to market the product to the people who can afford it and have the disposable income for it.The company should focus on the consumers of Tier 1 and tier 2 cities of India. Demographic: Understanding demographics assumes a urgent part for an organisation to go into another market ,Being second biggest on the planet after China regarding populace, with larger part of youthful era need to focus on the this dominant part as this portion is more well being cognizant and alongside focusing on the speciality fragment. when we are discussing the demographics for India , an organic must be exceptionally cautious in comprehension the particulars An new entry segment needs demographics to distinguish the perfect shopper for his item or benefits and create promoting techniques, for example, item bundling, notices, business area and estimating.The long-term story for Indian food consumption is promising, as a young and increasing population, coupled with rising incomes, will drive growth.The government is effectively looking for interest in the herbal and organic industries, proposing that organizations communicating an intrigue would be allowed an extremely liberal speculation atmosphere. Below is the graph to get a better view of Indians expenditure on non alcoholic drinks : Occupation The primary focus of our item is youth populace and the general population who are working since short time. As indicated by results 19,948(000) are the youthful era. this era is dependably favour well being cognisant beverages. So this can be a positive flag to offer our item to our objective market. (Choudaha, 2012) Geographical :One of the main factors that the group could use in their division technique is geographic. This would permit the group to break the market into areas by atmosphere, density, market size, etc. Many organizations utilize atmosphere if their items or administrations depend on the climate.India being well positioned on the globe, experience all the seasons.Geographical front will not affect our product much as its a organic tea product which comes with different flavours so it can be consumed in any time of the season. The interest in healthy drinks in the urban business sector has developed at 22% CAGR in the course of recent years, while the comparing figure for rural markets is 18% CAGR (compound annual growth rate). (Sharma,2016). Psychographic And Human Behaviour : Psychographic Segmentation is utilized for the most part to focus on a specific gathering from inside a population. Psychographic Segmentation is one which utilizes people groups way of life, their exercises, premiums and also sentiments to characterize a market portion. Psychographic Segmentation is very like behavioral division. Be that as it may, Psychographic Segmentation additionally takes the mental parts of purchaser purchasing conduct into records. These mental perspectives might be buyers way of life, his social remaining and additionally his AIO. (Bhasin, 2016) Lifestyle: India involves majority of young population. Yet, the way of life of todays youth is changing from partying to more into stay fit and healthy and this gets in favour of following healthy diet and food habits.This is the best time to promote this unique organic drink into Indian market. Social Class:Distinctive purchasers fall in various social classes. This depends for the most part on their purchasing power. The purchasing force is influenced by the foundation of the client, his salary and in addition his ways of managing money. The client will dependably purchase to keep up his social class. Subsequently being organic product, this remains in the niche segment, Ti Tonic need to remember both Lifestyle and additionally social class. COMMUNICATION METHODS: Digital Marketting : Online networking is exceptionally being used nowadays. Online advancements should be possible through Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Blogger etc. We can make online journals, we can make page on Facebook and Twitter. This will help us to showcase our items among paople populace. Posting advancements on locales that get overwhelming human collaboration is one way to deal with get the word out about your business, for instance, we can utilize Facebook or MySpace having broadcasting programs with advancements exceptionally fitted to a particular statistic populace. These ads seem just nearby profiles that meet the motivations behind your things target business division. In like manner, we can utilize Google AdWords organization to post online promotions this administration is exceptionally to post advertisements Television Advertisements :T.V business are the most ideal approach to showcase any item to the intended interest group. Relationship of the item with a prestigious individual, snappy jingles, appealing state of being or serious feeling makes a strong mental relationship in the customer. In India individuals appreciate watching cricket coordinates, the promoting this item around then is the most ideal approach to draw in more clients. Print Media / Publications :News papers are the most settled kind of print media. They are all things considered taken at home, or are open at daily paper slows down, and it is the most sensible way to deal with accomplishes a huge mass of people quickly. There are numerous daily paper as per the populace. As we are focusing on youth populace we can pick the new paper that Is for the most part utilized by youth populace. This can help us to achieve an ever increasing number of clients. Boards have for the most part become mechanized, in any case they qualify under the class of print media after each one of, and the notices are imprinted on the release. These fuse substance and design generally as a blend in order to make it all the all the more captivating. Boards can be shown on the streets, under bridge, in some occasion. Sponsorship :Advancing your thing event sponsorship can take various structures. You may get a certification in the event program, have an on area territory where you can give out example of the item, or your association logo may appear on the publications around the scene. The most ideal approach to elevate the item to youth populace is to print the logo on the uniform of cricket group or football group. By supporting an occasion the logo of the item can be imprinted on the ticket of that occasion. This will draw in the general population for the item. CONCLUSION: The report demonstrates key model and factors that should be considered while entering into a market. PESTEL has given us overview of both the countries and where they stand in terms of feasibility to do business. Choosing India as an entry market could be beneficial for the company because of its large population and increasing awareness among people regarding health and awareness.By doing PESTEL for working together on Indian market, we have inferred that there are numerous many points of interest with few impediments.Taking a gander at Political and lawful, India government is arranging forced laws and assessments to make individuals devour less sugar sweetened drink, if these laws and expenses will be forced then it is less demanding to work together in Indian market. Looking at soundness of nation, there wont be any issue with respect to this point as India is a stable economy.In Economical element PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) is most essential things in perspective of GDP. The discovering demonstrates that PPP of India is route superior to New Zealand. This can be sure flag for selling our product.As indicated by the reviews, natural items will be most ideal items in not so distant future in Indian market, so this will favourable position for the organisation to offer it in Indian market. In India individuals are more worry about their well being in perspective of devouring beverages and refreshments. Individuals dont incline toward more sugar sweetened beverages. Government is likewise spreading mindfulness about this issue, this can be a major favourable position to offer the item. Taste is the most critical issue in attempting any new item. In India individuals dont want to attempt another flavor so this can be somewhat testing to get more purchasers. Looking at the market analysis results, we can conclude that YES we can do business in India. http://www.ti-tonics.com/ http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/proposal-of-40-gst-on-aerated-drinks-tobacco-could-severely-hit-both-sectors/articleshow/50046110.cms http://www.nzbc.nz/industry/news.asp# Economic Times, 2016 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/economic-survey-2016-india-a-haven-of-stability-amidst-gloomy-global-economic-landscape/articleshow/51151707.cms India pestle http://content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?T=PP=ANK=113278756S=RD=buhEbscoContent=dGJyMNXb4kSepq84xNvgOLCmr0%2BeprBSsKa4TbaWxWXSContentCustomer=dGJyMPGotkiwq7JRuePfgeyx4Ivn NZ PESTLE http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/bsi/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=35921c1e-bdb0-4624-afc1-d13c0593b08a%40sessionmgr104vid=3hid=124 OECD New Zealand Economic Surveys-http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/New-Zealand-2015-overview.pdf MFAT Evaluation report 2010-https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/aid-and-development/our-approach-to-aid/evaluation-and-research/evaluation-reports-2010/ Economics online http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Global_economics/Purchasing_power_parity.html PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PPP?locations=IN List of countries by GDP- PPPhttps://www.revolvy.com/topic/List%20of%20countries%20by%20GDP%20(PPP)item_type=topic Dr. Statistics on Indian Higher Education 2012-2013. (n.d.). Retrieved from htt

William Gibson’s Neuromancer is the Penultimate Cyberpunk Novel :: Neuromancer

William Gibson’s Neuromancer is the Penultimate Cyberpunk Novel It could be the near future or the distant future. It could be in the biggest companies or in your den. It could be traditional science fiction or it could be cyberpunk. Technology is pervasive. There is nothing in our lives that technology does not touch; it doesn’t matter if you use it directly, chances are that something (if not everything) in your life relies on technology to function or even exist. "Traditional" science fiction, if there even is such a thing, uses extrapolation as a foundation for its stories. Extrapolation, predicting or tracing a path of continuation for an idea or event, is also used in cyberpunk. Cyberpunk is known for its use of extrapolation in the fabric of daily life. (Sterling 348) It takes common science fiction themes, such as body and mind manipulation, and events of daily life and describes them with intensely dizzying detail. Neuromancer by William Gibson is a perfect example of cyberpunk writing because it uses this dense, rapid-fire descri ption and language in combination with the themes of body/mind manipulation. The body manipulation in Neuromancer is so obvious it’s accepted as commonplace to the characters. When Case first meets Molly, her eyes draw his attention. He first thinks she’s wearing glasses, but then realizes that the lenses "grow from†¦her cheekbones" and are "surgically inset" into her eye sockets. (Gibson 24) Does he find this odd? Does he question it at all? Nope. He recognizes it, makes a note of it, and moves on to her next implant—the steel claws under her nails. Same response. Why is that? He is used to the fact that bodies are meant to be manipulated. Gibson even gives the reader a push in that direction by naming the lead "Case"—as in: he is nothing but a case in which to store things. Within a matter of hours Case has had his own body manipulated, his pancreas is replaced, his blood is changed, and he has new liver tissue which is "biochemically incapable" of allowing him to get high off coke or speed (36). All that and the only thing he’s worried about is when he’ll be able to get back to work! The descriptions of these modifications border a foreign language at times. They are detailed and technically specific, a hallmark of cyberpunk. A head-spinning example of this is the scan of Molly: "Silicon, coat of pyrolitic carbons.

The Joy Luck Club Essay example -- Essays Papers

The Joy Luck Club The Joy Luck Club is a story about four Chinese friends and their daughters. It tells the story of the mother’s struggles in China and their acceptance in America, and the daughter’s struggles of finding themselves as Chinese-Americans. The movie starts off with a story about a swan feather, and how it was brought over with only good intentions. Then the movie goes on, the setting is at a party for June the daughter of Suyuan. Suyuan has just past away about four months ago, and her mother’s friends have found her long lost daughters. But it is too late for her to go see them so they tell June, about it and they arrange a meeting for her in China. The party is a going away party for June’s trip to China. At the party June realizes that she was expected to take the place of her mother at the mahjong table. June sat at the East where it all starts â€Å"The Joy Luck Club†. The Joy Luck club was a weekly meeting of the best friends, were they talked about their hopes for their daughters and there stories of the past. The swan feather in the beginning was a symbol of all the hopes and dreams that the mother wanted to give to her daughter. This woman crossing a vast ocean, with only the company of a swan, yet she is not scared. She has dreams for her daughter, and this dream is the driving force of her actions. She is moved to realize this dream, that she is not even aware of the potential bad outcomes. There is no talk about hoping to have a daughter it says I will have a daughter just like me, and she will always be to full to swallow any sorrow. There is no single thought of failure in her mind. Her dreams have instilled in her blind faith, and inherent optimism. She will go as far as that she lets these qualities take her. The swan feather is a symbol of Chinese culture, in that it was brought from China with only good intentions. It was not a symbol for failure but for hope. The swan grew up to me more than what was hoped for it was too beautiful to eat. But when it was taken away, the only thing that was left was a feather a symbol of something that was meant to be nothing but became more. It was a symbol for the mothers it was what they wanted there children to become more then what they where in China. This symbol was learned through the stories that the mothers have told to their daughters. It was learned throu... ...o this movie more than then the other because I am a Chinese American. I don’t relate so much to the daughters but more than the mothers, since I am a 2nd generation Chinese. The movie was more about the spirits and dreams of the mothers and the hopes for a better life for their daughters in America. The struggle between the two cultures and the acceptance of mother and daughter are also present in the movie. By looking at the different stories of mother and daughter I could see the differences in the Culture and the gap that they had to overcome. I think that in my life the gap is much smaller than the gap that the mother and daughters had to overcome. I think this because of the way that my mom raised me. She raised me thinking nothing but the best for me. I think that I can live up to her expectations because of the way that she accepts what I do. The movie opened my eyes to this and made me think, and to come to a conclusion on why I do what I do. The ugly du ckling that came from afar and grew into more than what it was supposed to be, a beautiful swan. But taken away and only the feather and the memories of what it was. A beautiful swan, that proved everyone wrong.

Dual Structure in Japan :: essays papers

Dual Structure in Japan What do you understand by the term â€Å"dual structure of an economy†? How do you explain the dual structure of manufacturing industry in Japan? The word â€Å"dual† has the meaning of double, twofold or in two parts according to The Australian Oxford Dictionary (1996). Applying the word to an economic context, I would describe the term â€Å"dual structure of an economy† to indicate the co-existence of two different sectors alongside each other with disparities in technology and productivity between them. Take for instance, the existence of a traditional primary sector along with a modern non-primary sector constitutes to a â€Å"dual structure†. Duality can exist within a particular sector of the economy. The existence of traditional subsistence agriculture alongside export agriculture among the Southeast Asian countries during colonial period is an example of duality within a sector. Minami (1994, p.239) defined â€Å"dual structure† to mean the existence of two distinct sectors; one that has modern technology, a high capital-labour ratio, high labour productivity and wages, against another one, which has all the opposite characteristics. Therefore, one can infer that if large-scale industries with high capital intensity (K) were promoted at the stage in which labour supply (L) is relatively abundant then differentials in labour productivity (Y/L) and the wage rate would arise and lead to a dual structure. For Japan, three characteristics of the economy indicated the existence of a â€Å"dual structure†. First, the coexistence of a very low unemployment rates and continued low incomes in agricultural and small business. Second, the existence of large (â€Å"industrial giants†) and small scale firms within the manufacturing sector. Third, the existence of peculiar characteristics of the labour market such as enterprise unions, wages differentials according to the size of the firm and long term employment (Odaka, 1967 p.50). Furthermore, duality existed in the manufacturing sector too. In general, â€Å"dual structure† of the Japanese economy began before the Second World War as seen in a widening of income differential between agricultural and non-agricultural. The widening income differential was due to two main reasons. Firstly, productivity differential widen as productivity in the industrial sector increases faster due to relative ease in technology borrowing than productivity in agriculture. Secondly, the existence of surplus labour in traditional industries has tended to hinder increases in productivity due to limited arable land for agriculture so the farmland area per worker increased very slightly.

Mark Bradford

Mark Bradford was the artist that I took a look at. His creativity was wonderful abstract, catching my eye piece after piece. The particular artwork that I looked at was his â€Å"When We Ride† created in 2006. The media is a mix, which was created into a collage on canvas. The canvas was at its large of 46 3/8 x 62 ? inches. This piece of artwork is located in the city of art itself; Los Angeles, California. I believe this canvas collage tells an untold story through contrast and rhythm, light and color, and texture. As a child Mark Bradford had known his mother and grandmother to be creators. He called them creators because as a job title they were seamstresses. The ability to make things, new things at that for people was the motivation and process of making things. The contrast of the objects used on the collage is weird because he just used scraps that were lying around the house. The contrast was the placing of fabrics next to a different color and flow of the piece was in amazing. It made me think of rhythm that is somehow missing but never seems to finds its own way. The fact he put two different pieces of fabric next to each other is another way of throwing it off and creating pattern of not being rhythmic with the rest of the picture. When throwing in the light and color of the collage you start to make a better picture and scene of what the artist is trying to communicate. I believe the bright colors are making a statement to emphasize on the major parts of the artwork. Showing the motion, makes you move your eyes along the imaginary wave. The slight tone of yellow makes me think of the sun come through the wave. The soft light of the off white background makes me think of a light blue sky that is clear of everything. Vague colors made me stare at the picture for long periods of time so that way I could understand why he created this on in particular. I thought maybe like times when he got bored and went to the museum; he created a scene of his bus ride there. Maybe he pictures himself at a beach and what it would be like to sit and watch someone ride a wave. I can’t even imagine what the texture of this piece feels like. Smooth with rough bumpy edges going down the side. The yellow on the canvas looks like it was painted on because it is so soft in texture and faint. The red wave looks like it would be frailly and soft. The canvas is smooth which creates this illusion that artwork is somewhat is three dimensional. Silk and cotton would be of the many fabrics on this art work. Mark Bradford used whatever was available for him to use because he used the scraps from clothes that were being made. Being blind folded and being able to rub your fingers across the piece would give the sense of what a mixture of random textures would feel like all together. All in all, Mark Bradford did an amazing job of creating a masterpiece out of trash. I am not that creative to make any artwork out of scraps that could have been thrown away. Kudos to him and I think he should teach a class on how you can use your imagination and whatever materials you have available to use to create art. Art has many different ways of being seen, but to actually understand and appreciate it is taking it to a whole another level. Mr. Bradford showed texture, contrast and rhythm, and light and color all in one piece, yet showing many other principles of art that could be analyzed.

A Comparative Essay on Plato’s and Aristotle’s Philosophies on Beauty, Tragedy and Art Essay

The existence of philosophies in life is important and valuable because they are to guide and determine the beliefs of a person. These beliefs are what dictates a person to act as such or to say such things. For all of the Classical and complicated philosophies present in the world and founded by great thinkers and philosophers, having a philosophy is as simple as having a belief and that belief is what constitutes our actions, words and thoughts. A philosophy can even dictate on what kind of school or job person would want to go to. In some instances, there comes a time that shallow or inconsequential perceptions of a personal philosophy arises and though it may seem as thus, it is still important to remember and consider that a personal philosophy is important for a particular person—since it is his or her own beliefs, therefore it is who he or she is or who he or she wants to be regarded as. No one can deny the fact that philosophies have gone through intensive and extensive transformation and progress in the world’s history and it is still transforming and changing in the contemporary times we have now. From the early ages of the Mesopotamian civilization to the Egyptian kingdoms and to the Romans and the Greeks, the branch of knowledge we now famously call philosophy have had great origins and greater people who made it a point to make their way of thinking or personal beliefs known—Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli and Nietzsche are only some of the few famous philosophers with different beliefs and different perceptions but which all aimed at the same thing—that is they wanted to explain how things function, how life is and finally, to point out that there can be a better way of life for everyone concerned. Something as simple and mundane as what is happiness or what is love is a catalyst for great amount and efforts of thinking since it aims to answer specific things in life—that is, human beings, how are we as humans and how we function? It is just that in the end, one thing leads to another and we are finally caught up with far more difficult, challenging and complex things. On the other hand, no matter how complex certain philosophies are and no matter how different the philosophers and their beliefs are, one thing remains the same—the philosophers were excellent people who practiced intellectual art and this intelligence is what lead them to more profound concerns about things which could have been considered as unimportant. Literature and art for example may seem unimportant compared to politics or religion but philosophers also studied and scrutinized them. Thus, it is most probable that both literature and art (although literature can be actually considered as an art itself) were probably tremendously influenced by the early examples of the Greek and Roman arts. Therefore, the literature and the art which we are admiring and studying today are all influenced by the offshoots of the particular philosophies which the likes of Plato and Aristotle believed in—and Plato and Aristotle were only two of the many known philosophers. There are many others who actively advocated certain beliefs or their philosophies concerning life and they did it (such advocacy) not just for the pursuit of intellectual development or personal fame but just because they are in pursuit of something greater for humanity as a whole. The likes of Aristotle and Plato advocated such philosophies since they believed that it aims for better things; as what Ahrensdorf wrote: Philosophy, on the other hand, seems to teach that the pursuit of wisdom through reason alone is the greatest good for a human being, that reason is therefore capable of both understanding the world and of guiding us to happiness, and hence that the world is, at the very least, not opposed to our deepest desires. (p. 151) Thus, though philosophy as a branch of knowledge may be very broad but it also influences many aspects; for example, as what was written before, literature and art (which are also two important branches of knowledge) is undeniably influenced by philosophy as well. In this paper, the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle will be discussed and will focus on their beliefs about beauty, tragedy and art. Though both great philosophers have great connections and are intertwined with each other, and there are even some vague similarities, their views are still astoundingly different and that is what makes it more interesting and intriguing. The Philosophy of Plato Plato was said to be a student of another great philosopher, Socrates who favourite Plato among his students. When Socrates died, Plato was said to be devastated and yet, he being a student of the great Socrates, continued his teacher’s legacy and became a man of philosophy as well. It is quite understandable that much of Plato’s philosophies were offspring of the beliefs of Socrates himself though with many exemptions. Plato was more realistic than his teacher and worldlier. Plato’s ideals concentrated on society and the ethical than that of Socrates who concentrated on the more metaphysical and immaterial things of life. In Plato’s philosophies, the definition and function of beauty, art and tragedy, were exemplified and explained. It is through these three aspects of life that we are able to further understand Plato’s reasoning about his beliefs. Beauty According to Plato, beauty is and will never be linked to the world of arts. In fact, he believes that beauty can never be art and art can never be beautiful. This way of thinking is characterized by his belief that beauty can never exist since if beauty exists then it should correspond to the perfect definition of beauty. For something to be called beautiful it needs to justify such term and label—a thing or a person cannot be beautiful just because someone says it so or it has the attributes of being attractive. It should instead, exemplify the perfect virtue of being a beauty. Moreover, Plato believes in the knowledge that if something beautiful does exist, then that is the only time that people can commonly acknowledge that such a beauty exists. Therefore, what we as humans have right now is not beauty but a pretentious definition or judgement for beauty—according to Plato that is. (Adajian and Hughes, p. 5) Art Most famous for Plato’s argument about art is that on the subject of poetry. Plato argues that art are mere representations and are not real as what an original object is. Art are therefore considered as imitations, illusions and a lie. Art is merely copying things in their original form and aims to portray the truth of the original form but they would always lose to its attempts since there is nothing more truthful than the original form and nothing more false than art. Plato’s view on this is most famous for his â€Å"thrice removed† belief wherein â€Å"artworks present only an appearance of an appearance of what is really real†. In simple terms, there is an idea or â€Å"Form† of a person which that person makes into reality or an original physical object but art copies that physical object and is thus, the most inferior of all. (Adajian) Tragedy Plato’s regard for tragedy is not the same intellectual disgust as what he had for the subject of beauty and art; in fact, he is more hostile with the subject of tragedy as he believes that â€Å"by portraying the greatest human beings as suffering beings, tragedy teaches that the world is fundamentally hostile to our aspirations for happiness† (Ahrensdorf, p. 156). Plato, together with the dialogue with his teacher, Socrates (or most likely, inspired by the beliefs of his teacher) further explains why tragedy is not a correct and erring concept. This due to the belief that tragedy deceives people from the truth and unlike art where imitates or mimics a true â€Å"Form†, tragedy actually changes how we perceive true Form and eventually alters how we perceive things. For example, Homer and other tragic poets does not only creates lie with their â€Å"soft heroes† they (meaning the tragedies) also portray mistaken ideals about the Greek gods and how people should act regarding their own personal tragedies. Because of these tragedies, people desire terror and misery and when tragic things do happen in reality, a person’s initial and natural reaction would be either in terror or in misery. Moreover, Plato further explains that because of these tragedies, â€Å"human beings unreasonably [become] soft and cowardly by filling them with fear† (Ahrensdorf, p. 158). It can be even said that Plato is disgusted with the existence of tragedy since it fills people with dread about the idea of death and death is something evil. Thus, because of how the tragic heroes are portrayed, the audience or people who watch such tragedies are mistakenly believe that death is something to be feared; in conclusion, it makes people cower and weaklings. The Philosophy of Aristotle Ironically, another great philosopher from Greece is Aristotle who was a student of Plato and who had another great person for a student—Alexander the Great. If Socrates inspired and influenced Plato, it can be the same for Aristotle who was inspired and influence by Plato. If Plato was more concerned with the ethical, Aristotle was more concerned with the scientific and made famous terms which are known today such as the label for â€Å"matter†. More than being a philosopher, he was equally a scientist as well and his philosophies and beliefs would in some point, turn and allude to science. Though he was a student of Plato and was influenced by him, his beliefs were far different than that of his teacher. For example, on the concepts of beauty, art and tragedy, he had different ideas compared to Plato. Beauty While Plato believed in the inexistence of beauty as long as something actually perfectly beautiful exists, Aristotle believed otherwise. According to Aristotle, beauty exists depending on the things surrounding that object or person. Something beautiful exists because it meets certain conditions of being classified as such and usually, these conditions entirely depend on the things within the vicinity of that object. Moreover, he defined any object as beautiful if it is clearly and accurately beautiful. Thus, if Plato believed in perfect beauty, Aristotle believed in measured beauty. This is not that surprising since he was a scientist and believed in more logical and reasonable conclusions than that of mere thoughtful imagination; as what Gaut and Lopes wrote, Aristotle explained in many of his writings like Metaphysics and Rhetoric various allusions and explanation on beauty and how it is measurable and definable: This passage appears to assume a definition of beauty in terms of size and proportion. So beauty is a real property of things. Aristotle says much the same thing in De Motu Animalum, when distinguishing what is beautiful from what is merely perceived as desirable. Aristotle’s beauty is real but equivocal. Its meaning derives from the nature of the beautiful thing in question. Aristotle urges his readers to see the beauty of even repellent animals. All living things boast a design suited to the purpose of their sustenance and reproduction, and that is what beauty comes to. (pp. 25 – 26) Art Plato is not wholly rooting for the subject of art since it is supposedly an imitation and a lie and it can be concluded that Aristotle shares that same belief. Aristotle defines art as something of a â€Å"realization†, a concept which is used to materialize an original and genuine thought. For example, if something is good, and an art is created to depict the concept of goodness then that particular piece of art is a realization. This can be the same as Plato’s philosophy as of art as an imitation of an idea but Aristotle argues that, â€Å"Art however is not limited to mere copying. It idealizes nature and completes its deficiencies: it seeks to grasp the universal type in the individual phenomenon†. (The Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy) Tragedy As opposed to Plato’s definition and concept of tragedy wherein the poets are the ones who creates the tragedy, Aristotle has very different view regarding the concept of tragedy wherein tragedy is based on the hero’s very own nature. Based on the Aristotelian beliefs of tragedy, the hero is wholly good and almost perfect. He is strong, virtuous and good. The gods favour him because he is the hero but if in the end, it is discovered that he has a flaw, and then he becomes a tragic hero. But there is a critical point on why this is the case. Tragic heroes and their pathetic demise exists for one thing and that is to â€Å"purge† the audience of the feeling of fear and sorrow: â€Å"tragedy, in depicting passionate and critical situations, takes the observer outside the selfish and individual standpoint, and views them in connection with the general lot of human being† (The Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy).

Information and Communication Technology in the Philippines Essay

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become and will continue to be an integral part of the day-to-day life of every Filipino across all levels of our society. Information has always played a vital role in our history. Over the ages, people have used it to gain a more accurate picture of their current situation, make better decisions for the future, and improve the quality of their lives. But never has information been more accessible and more widespread than it is today. The latest improvements in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) have been impressive. Computers are progressively becoming smaller, more affordable, and more powerful. They are capable of storing an almost vast amount of data and information. And they are interconnected through telephone lines, satellites, and fiber-optic cables that span across the world, allowing the ability to communicate and share information with one another across borders. The pervasiveness of communication technology around the world necessitates that government embark on a cohesive and coordinated strategy on how to prepare its citizens to survive, live and thrive in a digital world. The world is experiencing a digital revolution and the Philippines have the opportunity to play an enormous role in it. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is an important part in the country’s development. Opportunities abound with the help of ICT. The current ICT master plan for the Philippines dates back to 2006. With all of the new developments in this highly dynamic field, there is clearly a need to develop a new blueprint on how the country and its people can benefit from the use of ICT in governance, our economy and improving one’s way of life. The Philippines positions itself at the forefront of the digital revolution – dynamic and in command of the future. ICT is used extensively in the delivery of career information and guidance. Such usage covers wide range of applications. The role of ICT in guidance can be seen in three ways: as a tool, as an alternative, or as an agent of change. The growth of websites and helplines as forms of technically mediated service delivery means that the potential of ICT as a change agent is now greater than ever before. Current business-command the optimization of ICT usage to support national objectives of becoming a high income developed country. Thus as an enable, ICT in public sector must be addressed in general manner including people, process and technology where internal and external needs must be taken into place. The ICT evolution will take place with or without a systematic, comprehensive and articulated policy. However, the lack of a coherent policy is likely to contribute to the development (or prolonged existence) of ineffective infrastructure and a waste of resources. The importance of ICT policies is understood at the highest political level in many developing countries, and some countries have already adopted their own policies. The effectiveness of an ICT policy in one country does not guarantee that the same method would work in another and many developing countries face similar constraints that need to be taken into account when ICT policies are formulated. Philippines’ ICT against Other Countries ICT Development Current trends the world over the pointed to the fact that the major developments in the information economy. It resulted in revolutionizing the way people communicate and for the governments and firms to interact and conduct business. The presence of a reliable, accessible and affordable Philippine Information and communications infrastructure is a necessary condition for our participation in the information economy. Without it, our country will once again face the prospect of being marginalized in the global economy. The next part of this case study will discuss a brief ICT’s plan and current situation of our 3 neighboring countries; Singapore One of the key drivers of the Singapore’s Economic growth is their ICT. The island state is well connected via both fixed and wireless networks. By early 2012, their mobile penetration has passed 150%. By maintaining Singapore’s status as an ICT market leader, the government launched its plan for a nationwide fibre-based broadband network known as the Next Generation Broadband Network (NGNBN) and this is being rolled out in line with the government’s strategy. Hong Kong The world’s freest economy, characterized by free trade, free market and free flow of capital with stable and freely convertible currency and no foreign exchange controls. Their ICT development, the free flow of information with no censorship on content transmission provided a good environment for the development of web-based businesses such as content and media and cloud computing. In the next few years’ government will increasingly adopt cloud-based services. Such initiative will spawn opportunities for vendors and providers. Their telecommunications infrastructure is one of the most sophisticated in the world, with a wide range of innovative and advance services available in relatively low prices. The country also ensure the online secure. Hong Kong Computer Emergency Response Team Coordination Centre (HKCERT) was set up to coordinate responses to computer security incident, promote information security and take preventive measures against Internet Security threats. Malaysia Malaysia’s national transformation agenda envisions an innovative citizen-centric model of public service delivery accordance with the country’s principles. This is undertaken in tandem with a bold economic transformation approach to propel their countries in to a high-income economy by 2020. The effective utilization and application of information and communications technology (ICT) across multi-faceted service delivery of internal and government operations. The developments of country’s future where the ICT implementation comprise a suite of service offerings and infrastructure development that support a fundamental shift towards a collaborative and co-operative arrangement of open consultation, open data, shared knowledge and expertise. The Malaysian Public Sector ICT Strategic Plan (2011-2015) provides the blueprint to accelerate the innovative utilization and development of ICT in readiness for the ever-changing service landscape facing their public sector. Is it our country really prepared for this to compete with our neighboring countries? Can we level up our ICT sector with them? How ready is our country to harness the fast phase and benefits of information and communications technology? Our country’s main department about ICT related issues is the ICTO (Information and Communications Technology Office) which is under the Department of Science and Technology which is the former Commission on Information and Communications Technology (ICT). The ICTO’s primary thrusts for 2011-2016 are in the areas of ICT Industry Development, E-government, ICT Policy Development, ICT infrastructure and Cyber security. As designated organization by our government ICTO will ensure the development and implementation of comprehensive program to sustained the growth and comprehensiveness of ICT industries segments and firms; formulate an integrated program to support the growth of the ICT industry in the regions; undertake the development of an industry-relevant curriculum in coordination with the industry, government and academe to enhance the competitiveness of the ICT workforce, formulate, recommend and implement a comprehensive and harmonized ICT promotions and advocacy programs. Facilitating ICTO’s mandate in formulation ICT policies, implementing ICT plans and programs, leading international ICT cooperation bodies, and other related functions is the ICT Governance Policy and Planning group, which take lead in multi-stakeholder policy development. Primary initiatives for the policy and planning includes; National Connectivity and Broadband Development Plan, Philippine Digital Strategy (PDS) Implementation Plan, Cyber security and Data Privacy, ICT Procurement Standards, Digital TV Migration, ICT Standardization and the Philippine ICT statistics Portal. Ensuring that ICT access and Internet opportunities are available for the entire country is made possible by the development of effective and sustainable and strategic ICT infrastructure. The ICT infrastructure Group through its various programs ensures that these connectivity requirements are met in an efficient and effective manner. These projects include the TV White Space Initiatives (TVWS), Government Fiber Core Network, Upgrade of National Microwave Network, Cloud Top e-Learning for Public Schools and Internet TV Testbed. With all the documents presented our country’s policies regarding in boosting our ICT development and infrastructure are impressive. But only question is that, is there will be enough budget that the government will provide to sustain these developments? We might left behind in many aspects with our neighboring countries in terms of ICT development but we can still move forward and have these implemented with the right manpower, policy and full support from our government and private sector as well. Recommendation for ICT Development We are all contributors to the development of the global economy. Globalization, which is made possible by the ICT revolution, has extremely changed the rules of the development of it. Efficiency more than ever is now an indicator of competitiveness to achieve our nations goals. Nations, corporations and people that find the means to become more efficient will advance and prosper. We all know that in our country ICT will be one of the major drivers for boosting economy, and as a critical tool for better governance, corporate performance and individual achievement as a Filipino. Our government’s should provide an enabling policy, legal and regulatory environment for the ICT development. This means that our government should act as a facilitator and its involvement should be predictable, developmental, transparent and efficient. With more transparency in government operations and diminishing corruption by placing more government data in the public domain using the Internet, thus increasing opportunities for public scrutiny. For government more improvement for ICT development they must build public trust, enhance citizen to participate in government projects and activities, improve government’s public services online, and improve country’s competitive ness thru more efficient government operations. Another factors that needs to give attention to our country’s ICT development are the private sectors, civic organizations and society, international organizations they the role and responsibility as well. There are some actions that need to implement in order for these organization to help on enhancing our ICT programs: * By providing knowledge tools and enhance capacity in industry sectors to take advantage the ICT. * Create an environment for job growth in ICT and ICT-enable job all over the country if possible. * Promote an environment that entices investments for ICT research, innovation, development & manufacturing In order to ensure the success and sustainability of ICT initiatives, investors should be enabled by ensuring their direct participation during its conceptualization, planning and implementation. These sectors have the role as well to provide investments, capitals and other resources. By this the project for the ICT sector will be higher change of success and sustainability if these are market-led, rather than government-led. Let us not also forget the LGUs, schools and other community organizations, they must be consulted and their specific requirements are determined. They as well have an active involvement to the operations in building the ICT of our country on their own respective area of jurisdiction. Many of us today use the Internet for a variety of reasons: e-mailing to connect with friends and family, for business and work correspondence, web-browsing for news, research and entertainment, and increasingly for richer media and applications, such as watching online TV, posting videos and photos, as well as creating Internet content through blogs and other interactive forum. Being able to use the Internet has become an important necessity to any social and work life. For many different reasons, there are also many Filipinos who are not able to access the benefits the Internet has to offer. Some cannot afford the Internet or computers; others do not know how to use the Internet; and there are parts of the country where there is no Internet service or even electricity available, such as in more rural areas. Not only is the possibility and ability to use the Internet important for individuals, but also for countries as a whole. In our globalized world, the connectedness and Internet capabilities of a country are important elements for its competitiveness. Developing the Internet, including to rural areas, leads to new opportunities for nonagricultural employment, better paying agricultural jobs and greater overall productivity. Access to the Internet also promotes small and microbusiness growth, allows people in remote areas to work from home, offers greater access to crop market prices and enables rural businesses perhaps to compete more successfully even in the world markets. As far as I can say creating Internet opportunities for all guarantees that the Philippines has an inclusive growth and helps eliminate poverty.

“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” by Lewis Carroll Essay

Some of the most lastingly delightful children’s books in English are â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland† and â€Å"Through the Looking-Glass†. Here are what Albert Baugh write about them in â€Å"A Literary History of England†: â€Å"Written by an eccentric Oxford don to amuse his little girlfriends, these two world-famous books are the best of all memorials of the Victorian love of nonsense. In them are elements of satire and parody which connect them with a long tradition, but they shot through with a quality distorted logic (for their author was a professional mathematician and logician) which is inimitable and unique.† A story may be told either by one of the characters, or by an external narrator. To define by whom the narration is made is to define the point of view that the author has chosen for his story. Look more:  satirical elements essay   In â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland† the narrator does not introduce himself as a character. Lewis Carroll uses 3rd person narrative. Yet, everything in the story is seen, heard or thought happens which she cannot sense, or in places where she is not present. This kind of point of view is called selective omniscience, that is the author knows everything, but only through one character’s consciousness. Other books in which author uses the same point of view are â€Å"Amintiri din copilà £rie† and other novels written by the romanian writer Ion Creangà £. In the end reader is told that everything has been a dream. There are a lot of elements which make up the dreamlike atmosphere. One of Carroll’s favourite devices is the pun (play upon words) that is the humorous use of the same word in more than one sense, or of two different words similarly pronounced. For instance â€Å"Mine is a long tale!† said the Mouse. â€Å"It is a long tail, certainly†, said Alice, looking down with wonder at the Mouse’s tail.

The Bribery Scandal at Siemens AG Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Bribery Scandal at Siemens AG - Case Study Example The practice of bribery is perceived advantageous to parties involved since it enables them acquire business gains without having to meet expected standards, developing relationship with foreign officials or being favored by potential customers. In other instances, they can also benefits from reduction of the payouts involved, thereby resulting to increased profitability for the company. Other benefits derived by these companies from the practice of bribery are such as opportunity cost since money offered as a bribe in not considered to be in productive use. Siemens AG was involved in a case of corruption that involved bribery in 2006 and 2007, whereby this scandal involved company’s employees, who had established slush fund meant for facilitating acquisition of contracts. For instance, Siemens managers were convicted of embezzling company funds amounting to six million pounds in order to bribe foreign officials to acquire a contract involving natural-gas turbine (Akana, 1). H owever, the perception of the executives towards this case was that getting involved in bribery practice was worth it, since the employees were willing to break the law in order to gather huge profits. Other employees argued that this act was not a violation of any laws since it did not result to any personal gain; instead, it was aimed at enhancing Siemens’ positioning strategy. Nonetheless, their notions were not rational since breaking the law can never be for the right purpose; thus, despite, focusing on the benefits that to be derived from practice of bribery for the Company. Question number 2: Was the Board right in not extending Kleinfeld’s term even though he had performed well and was not personally implicated and explain? What virtuous and/or virtuous behaviors did he show with observable facts? Decision of board whereby they failed to extend Kleinfeld’s term can be considered personal due to lack of rational reason associated with the bribery scandal. This judgment is made based on considerations of the challenges that Kleinfeld was faced with as the CEO willing to rescue the company from the bribery scandal in order to sustain their growth. On the other hand, Kleinfeld had gained confidence on issues such as labor and management in the Siemens AG. Besides, there is need to understand that the scandal caused by bribery practice was not entirely Kleinfeld’s fault; in fact, employees were the once involved in the practice. The entire company should have taken the blame; instead of laying the whole burden on the CEO. The board should have considered that engagement into these practices was due to the influence increasing competition among companies, hence these illegal payments aimed at winning international contract was the only option for these employees in the emerging economies. Furthermore, Kleinfeld was not directly implicated in the scandal; thus, by the fact that he was responsible for behaviors of the employees, thi s case was out of his control. In fact, Kleinfeld was unaware of the unlawful practices that employees were engaging in within the company. In addition, the practice of bribery was hard to notice since there was commonality of spending funds amounting to four hundred and twenty million and they were unnoticeable or unquestionable (Akana, 1). Kleinfeld’