Koreatown

Koreatown, L. A. Four miles SSW from the iconic Hollywood sign and just about the physical center of the City of Angels is Koreatown. Koreatown has the largest South Korean population outside of the country itself. With such a high concentration of these richly cultured peoples came many korean style restaurants and other eateries. Though in recent years Koreatown’s Korean population has declined to about 30% of the total population, it is still considered the prime place to enjoy a good dim sum or kimchi.There is a little more than a thousand Korean owned businesses in K-Town and a very good majority of those are eateries. Being known for its nightlife, most of K-Town’s eateries are bars and norebangs (karaoki rooms). â€Å"A night out in what insiders call K-Town might begin with dinner or warm-up drinks and nibbling at a stylish cafe with giant video screens, then proceed to dancing at an exclusive nightclub or singing at a karaoke †music studio† until d awn† (Navarro).Singing in norebangs is a widely appreciated pass-time in the Korean community and is usually accompanied with alcohol and appetizers. This pass-time is never done alone and it is usually done in large groups for any occasion. The alcohol of choice being makgeolli, a fermented rice wine, is usually associated with the cooking and munching of small strips of sweet and crispy pork belly. Small groups of people can be seen around a table drinking, cooking the snack and conversing.Another widely appreciated restaurant type brought over from the Koreas, is the Korean BBQ. Essentially, it is a cook-it-yourself restaurant; the cooks prepare the dishes to be cooked and then hand them out to the customer to be cooked right at their own grill in the middle of the table. This allows the customer to cook the meat to their desired taste and gives more time to converse. Interestingly, it doesn’t have to be eaten with a utensil; usually there would be a plate of large l ettuce leaves.It is very common to tear off a piece of the leaf and cup it in one hand while the other picks up a piece of meat with chopsticks and puts it on the leaf. If there is anything else to put on it, like a slice of mushroom, it is put on top, the leaf is rolled up and popped in the mouth. The most popular food in Korean culture is kimchi. It is made primarily from fermented napa cabbage, spicy red pepper powder, and various other vegetables and spices. In most asian cultures, there are many parts to a meal; kimchi is usually a side-dish.The ingredients are quite cheap and the recipe is easy to follow. In low-income families, kimchi is a larger part of the meal. It is the perfect food for these families because it can easily be made in bulk and it can be kept for up to a month in the refrigerator. Kimchi is a staple of Korean society. Korea brought over a very cultured people that are very family and food involved. Food is a very important part of the Korean culture and com munity as a whole. Work Cited Navarro, Mireya. â€Å"It's Koreatown, Jake. † The New York Times. The New York Times, 08 Aug. 2004. Web. 3 Nov. 2012.

An investigation of code-switching in English classes at the University of Danang- College of Language Studies

Bilingual speakers usually tend to switch some words or phrases from one language to another during conversation, which is called â€Å"code-switching†. According to Heather Coffey, code-switching is the practice of moving between variations of languages in different contexts. Code-switching is also intentionally or unintentionally practiced frequently in class. This research will focus on code-switching practice in class of both teachers and students in Danang University- College of Language Studies, how it is performed, what effects it might create as well as some suggestions for this problem. Techniques for this research such as observations, interview and taking of field notes are used as means of data collection.Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Problem statementEnglish ranks second in top 10 Most Spoken Languages in the World. In Vietnam, learning English now is becoming more popular than ever before. For those who know English, they tend to mix the two languages, i.e. English and Vietnamese, in conversation. Code-switching, the practice of moving back and forth between two languages or between two dialects or registers of the same language, therefore is inevitable and sometimes unconscious, especially when they are having English classes.For example, in an English class at Danang University- College of Language Studies, a teacher says: â€Å"Cà ¡c em là  m bà  i  writing rá »â€œi submit cho cà ´ qua mail.†, and students ask: â€Å"Deadline là   khi nà  o vá º ­y cà ´?† Those are just two in tons of code-switching that can be found in English classes. The frequency of finding code-switching practice inside classrooms is very high and it is worth paying attention to work on. That is the reason why I would like to take on this problem to investigate. 1.2 Research rationaleNowadays, English is an obligatory subject at school, a means of international communication, and a second language in our society. Our college, the College of La nguage Studies, offers official, integrated and advanced language training, of which the strength is English. Moreover, students who study English are better prepared and have larger vocabulary since they are taught English at high schools. Finally, it is not only students but also the teachers that code-switch in class for many reasons.Therefore, the finding of code-switching between English and Vietnamese is much higher than in other languages. By carrying out this study, I hope that it will help the students and the teachers as well be aware of code-switching in class and through some general suggestions for this issue, they can find specific solutions to avoid the drawbacks and make code-switching an effective tool for learning and teaching English. 1.3 Research scopeCode-switching is a broad topic since it occurs in many aspects of our lives. However, in this research, I only focus on code-switching in English classes performed by teachers and students of Danang University- Col lege of Language Studies- Department of English because I think it is more practical and feasible. Therefore, the process of interviewing and observation will take place in some English classes and some notes are also taken from the Internet. All the participants taking part in this study are required to use Vietnamese as their mother tongue, and English as their second language.1.4 Aims and objectivesThe study explores the use of code-switching in English classes at the College of Language Studies. Specific objectives are set as follows: Examine the frequency of code-switching found in these classes Investigate the  fluency and accuracy of the participants who apply code-switching in their classes Investigate the purposes and reasons for the practice of code-switching in classes Present an array of the influences of this practice1.5 Research question– What is likely to be the frequency of the practice of code-switching in English classes? – What are the reasons and purposes for code-switching in English classes? – What are the effects that code-switching might create and what can be done to make it a useful tool for teaching and learning English?1.6 HypothesisFirstly, it is hypothesized that the frequency of code-switching among bilinguals is very high because of a number of reasons. It may occur because there are no equivalent words, to convey intimacy, to avoid being overheard or understood, to add emphasis and some other reasons. Such reasons were anticipated in the findings of Nguyen Ha Quyen (2011). In addition, Walid M Rihane (n.d) also provided five reasons for code-switching, which are solidarity, social status, topic, affection and persuasion.Secondly, there is a tendency of practicing code-switching in class more, especially amongst students since they are encouraged to use English in classes; their vocabulary and grammar, however, is sometimes not enough to express their feelings or ideas. This may cause some effects such as words and phrases are applied in the wrong way, some students might transcribe some words to the accents and dialects that they are familiar with and so on.Chapter 2: Literature Review2.1. Previous studies 2.1.1 Code-switching in conversationCode-switching is one of the major issues in bilingual research. According to Milroy and Muysken (1995), the switches occur in different ways, sometimes the switching occurs between the turns of speakers in a conversation, sometimes between utterances within a single turn and sometimes even with in a single utterance. Nguyen Ha Quyen (2011), also investigated code-switching in conversation of Vietnamese teenagers, she pointed out that â€Å"to some people, Code-switching has become a habit and most time occurs subconsciously when speaking with people at the same age† and that â€Å"code-switching should be viewed from the perspective of providing a linguistic advantage rather than an obstruction to communication.†2.1.2. Why do peop le code-switch?Code-switching often happens with bilinguals and there are many reasons for this. Walid M Rihane (n.d) argued that code-switching is motivated by five main factors, which are solidarity, social status, topic, affection and persuasion. Some research has also found that people code-switch to emphasize or clarify a particular point, to reinforce a request, to substitute a word or to express a concept that does not have a direct equivalent in other language. Specifically, Nguyen Ha Quyen (2011), provided some factors that influence code-switching, such as: – No equivalent words in Vietnamese.2.1.3 Code-switching in the classroomCurrently, there has been several research on this field. Ehsan Rezvani (2011), in the research â€Å"Code-switching in Iranian Elementary EFL Classrooms: An Exploratory Investigation† proved that â€Å"code-switching is a readily available and frequently applied strategy for foreign language teachers in classroom interaction and cla ssroom management†, â€Å"although the teacher enjoyed high English proficiency levels, they did not maximize the target language (i.e. English) in their classroom interactions†. In addition, Bulelwa Ndabeni (2002) argued in her research â€Å" An investigation of Code Switching in different learning areas in a grade seven class† that â€Å"code switching has an important role to play in the school classroom, but more longitudinal studies are needed on the implications of code-switching†.She noted that â€Å"we must also be careful of the other negative side of classroom code switching†; â€Å"teachers should be aware of the importance of code switching in the classroom, but they should not use it as an avoidance strategy†. In my research, therefore, I will present some general suggestions to make code switching more useful in English classes. Chapter 3: Methodology and procedures3.1 Research methodI propose a qualitative study using question naires, observation and in-depth interview methods. Specifically, I would like to use questionnaires to collect the data. One of the major advantages of this method is that it provides possible anonymity and avoids embarrassment on the part of the respondents. It can be easy to gather a large amount of information to analyze. However, using questionnaires also brings some drawbacks. Therefore, I would also choose natural observation, which involves observing behavior as it takes place in the environment. In this case, the environment is inside the classroom of English classes. Observation is a useful strategy.For Saurab, â€Å"It is the primary mode of acquiring knowledge about the environment†. This method will help the researcher avoid the wide range of problems that is usually found if using questionnaires. For example, when having questionnaires delivered to the respondents, the researcher might not always get accurate or complete answer, or respondents may answer in ways that correspond to what is socially desirable. In addition, in-depth interview is used as well. This is a powerful data collection method. The biggest advantage of this method is that there is time for the respondent to further develop and give reasons for his or her point of view- without being influenced by the opinion of other respondents.3.2 Description of population and sampleThe participants of the study are teachers and students of The University of Danang- College of Language Studies- Department of English. Those participants, especially students, come from different cities and provinces. The gap of facilities needed to learn English, therefore, may exist amongst the students. Furthermore, the participants are required to use Vietnamese as their mother tongue, and English as their second language.The chosen  type of sample is simple random sample, i.e. each unit in the population has an equal chance of being selected. According to Natalie Andrew, â€Å"freedom of human b ias and classification error remains one of the biggest advantages simple random sampling offer† and â€Å"if done right, simple random sampling results in a sample highly representative of the population of interest.†3.3 Data CollectionInformation will be collected by observing randomly some English classes with Vietnamese teachers. These classes could be for first year or even final year students, since even first year students study integrated English. The researcher will record the date or take some notes. Furthermore, as mentioned above, questionnaire will be used as one of the method to collect the information. The questionnaires will include both closed and open questions and they will be delivered to random classes in the college. In addition, some interviews are also conducted to find out the ways and the reasons for code-switching. The interviewer will ask some closed and open questions and then probe for elaboration. In this way, data will be collected by tak ing notes.3.4 Instrument for data analysisThere will be some instrument needed for data analysis. For interview, it is needed to have a computer and a recorder apart from notes. The computer is to type and edit questions and answers and to save the information after the interview. It is used to design the questionnaires as well. It is also necessary to have a simple calculator to figure out the frequency of the practice of code-switching through its occurrences. In some cases, Microsoft Excel is used as a tool to help the researcher analyze faster and more accurately.3.5 Data analysis and expected findingsData collected will be dissected by logical and statistical techniques to correspond to the followings: the frequency of using code-switching in English classes of both teachers and students, the purposes and the ways of practicing code-switching. The researcher will count the occurrence of code-switching in the data collected, then identify the frequency. Information from the inte rview and questionnaires will be analyzed mainly to get the reasons and manners of performing code-switching in classes. Finally, the researcher makes a report to present the findings.

Beer Company Segmentation Essay

Demographic: From the market analysis portion of the paper we already established that internationally, Anheuser is expanding both into the Asian and Latin American markets. But typically what segment of the market do they target specifically? Well currently, the company is making an attempt to target the female population. Michelob Ultra is being marketed in women’s magazines like cosmopolitan and other AB brands are placed on woman-focused channels such as Oxygen and Lifetime. Women however aren’t the only focus. With the recent focus being on FMB’s, the most consistent and continuous market has been the 21-27-age bracket, mostly college students. It’s Bacardi line of flavored malt beverages and the latest additions, Tilt and B-to-the-E agree with the lifestyle of the contemporary adult looking for innovative drinks that is suitable for a variety of occasions and is an alternative to beer. For the more traditional and patriotic consumer, Anheuser markets towards its US customers by boasting on the fact that it is the only American made beer. Geographic: Currently, Anheuser is a global enterprise with distribution centers in the U. K, Japan, Canada, and Spain. It holds a 50% market share in the U. S beer market and a 50% market share in Grupo Modelo, Mexico’s leading brewer. Anheuser Busch owns 27% stake in China’s number one brewer Tsingato and is pursuing Harbin brewery Group in China. Psychographics: The trend today is for people to lead healthier lifestyles and be more conscientious in the activities and interests that they partake in. This is ever so visible in the diet plans and low-carb phase that has emerged and has become dominant. To capitalize off of this Anheuser promotes its low-calorie beer to these individuals. Anheuser also places more emphasis on it flavored malt beers to appeal to its wine and spirit consumers and to compete in a changing environment where people lead highly social lifestyles by going to bars/clubs, shows, sporting events, etc. Sponsorships of the 2006 Fifa world cup, MLB and its 26 domestic teams and the Mexican national soccer team are an attempt to capture this segment of the market. Behavioral: â€Å"18-34 year old Hispanics are consuming Spanish and English broadcast media at nearly equal rates with Spanish-language television and radio outpacing English-language television and radio; * A greater percentage of young Hispanics shop at more store types than do young non-Hispanic adults; * Young Hispanics are more likely to be impulsive shoppers. They like to keep up with styles and will spend what they have to look younger — more so than non-Hispanics young adults; * Young Hispanic adults are heavy readers of magazines with lifestyle, entertainment, automotive and sports-focused titles taking the lead; * 18-34 year old Hispanic consumers are more persuaded by advertising in Spanish and are more loyal to companies with ads in Spanish. † (Hispanic business) The trend is for Hispanics to be trendsetters and innovators instead of followers/laggards so the pattern has been to market on a personal portfolio basis instead of brand-loyalty aspect. The younger generations tend not to be brand loyal but adoptive of the newest and trendiest innovations. The behavior marketing of Anheuser Busch is tailored to the Hispanic with events, in magazines, television stations and sporting events. It sponsors the 2006 Fifa World Cup, MLB and its 26 domestic teams and the Mexican national soccer team. Not only is the behavior of Hispanics evaluated but all of diverse nations. Anheuser promotes diversity in the workforce at distribution centers across the world to be familiar with the consumer behavior of all groups. Positioning strategies: Beer is always associated with negative stereotypes of death, drunken behavior, a male activity and many other bad connotations. The fun image of Anheuser Busch (more commonly known as Busch Gardens) land looks to change the appearance as a fun image for the family. Children at a young age will be familiar with the product and see it as user friendly because it is positioned as healthy and acceptable for everyone. The addition of the low carb line of beer also helps to suggest that the beer is also healthy and socially suitable. Product strategies: Anheuser Busch product strategy includes the eye catching 7ounce shrink-wrap bottle that comes in six colorful festive designs. Bud Light, one of the brands of AB, is including the addition of flavorful beer with Bud light Oranguatang and Bud light berry. It also introduced two new one of kind brews, Celebrate by Michelob and Brews Masters Private Reserve by Budweiser. Pricing strategies: To better target the Hispanic market, AB increase the Latino budget to more than 60 million dollars, which is 66% more than last year. The increase of national media spending will also increase by three times more than last year topping 3 million dollars. â€Å"While the domestic beer company has increased tactical price promotions this year on a specific market, brand and package basis to reduce price premiums versus competition, company executives confirmed that the company’s long-term pricing strategy continues to target increases at or slightly below the consumer price index. â€Å"(Forbes) Promotion strategies: As stated before the company is promoting its product to attract woman through woman-focused channels like Oxygen and Lifetime. In addition to becoming familiar through sponsorships of major sporting events, it promotes its products through marketing messages as the only American brewery that is still American owned with profits staying in the states. Miller Brewing Company Demographic: Many breweries realize the potential of the growing Hispanic market and Miller is no different. Especially important, 75% of the Hispanic population is under 45 years old- a prime age group for beer consumption. Hispanics are the most brand-loyal demographic among beer consumers. However this is not the only segment that it targets. Miller is tailored to the contemporary drinker minimum age 24. Commercials for products such as Miller Light show the masculine image of men in masculine environments. Most of Miller products are marketed in a way where they will attract the high-end buyer that will pay a little more and conscientious of high quality. While Anheuser Busch’s Bud Light targets the younger generation, Miller Light’s targets the older demographic with the minimum age being 24. A segment that has been omitted in the marketing strategies of many products not just the beer industry has been the homosexual population. Miller hopes to capitalize off this market to regain its position as No. 1 in the industry by targeting all areas of the market. Geographic: In July 2002 Miller Brewing Company merged with South African Breweries plc, making Miller a subsidiary of the #2 brewer in the world. It became the first international brewery to establish a presence in Central America. As its top competitor, Anheuser Busch, it is expanding into the Latin and Asian markets. Unlike most breweries, it doesn’t concede to a particular geographic segment of the market but intends to account for every beer drinker in every market. Psychographics: To further appeal to their No. 1 consumer the Hispanic market, Miller Brewing Company, promotes most of their products through Hispanic events such as sponsorship of Cinco de Mayo and sponsorships of World Cups. The Hispanic market is seen as the most brand-loyal and therefore is targeted so aggressively. The advertising has an effect on the psychology of consumer behavior through the emphasis of stating that their products are of higher quality. Males are attracted to the idea of a beer that places emphasis on the bravado of a product and their behavior is altered through male marketing. Behavioral: In a male-marketed item such as the high life products, you must target the behavior and activities of the typical man. Miller is the official sponsor of the National Football League. Most of the products are marketed on a brand loyalty basis so it sponsors everyday products to gain the familiarity with consumers (ex: Kraft, Frito-Lay, Gillette, etc). Positioning strategies: Miller positions its products for the loyal consumer to the more rebellious and daring drinker. The homosexual segment is seen as a daring segment because they do not adhere to the norm of today’s society. Miller Genuine Draft Light is seen targeted on the gay and lesbian network LOGO. Miller is big on letting it’s great taste speak for itself, as seen with it’s No. 1 product Great taste-less filling ads, and has been successful. Miller with Food: Taste for yourself summer campaign was used and was instrumental in increasing sales. Product strategies: As a company, you want to be seen as one of the top in your industry. Miller guarantees this by strategically placing Genuine Draft Light next to the number one competitive low-calorie brand. The confidence of the taste and quality of its products are so high that it implements the technique of sampling to capture new beer drinkers and convert them into loyal consumers. Another technique used for their products is space management which achieves more cooler and shelf space through long-neck N-R’s in 6-pack baskets and loose case, 6 and 12 pack cans, and 6-pack N-R’s represents the package mix consumers demand. The selling of recyclable plastic bottles which made Miller the first making it the first brewer to offer widespread distribution in plastic in the United States. The plastic bottles allow for a more transportable product that remains cold for the same length as aluminum. The only downside may come from recycling officials that argue that the brown plastic bottles do not recycle well with regular soda and water bottles and the cost for accommodation of these brown bottles would be unfeasible. Pricing strategies: To further place emphasis on the higher quality of products, it does not discount its products. It believes in a motto of â€Å"No Compromise,† to get a superior product you must be prepared to pay for it. Most of its pricing strategies are given towards the advertising efforts. Last year alone it spent 40. 1 million on Hispanic-targeted print and television advertising, more than any other advertiser in the alcoholic-beverage category. Promotion strategies: Promotion of Miller products is heavily dependent upon the ever-growing population. SAB Miller signed a 100 million deal with Univision Communications, the largest Spanish language broadcaster in the U. S. It includes sponsorship of programs, product placement and commercial time on Univision’s radio, cable and broadcast networking properties. Miller realizes that all marketing efforts can be targeted at the older segment so it looks to work with major record labels and will sponsor preview parties for new album releases for popular artists. Comical commercial advertisements for Miller Light’s (Good Call) also attract the younger market. Promotion also comes from its virtual online game â€Å"Miller beer runner. † â€Å"The introduction of the Miller game came within days of Anheuser-Busch, the colossal corporation who brought the famous slogan â€Å"king of all beers† to Budweiser and its Bud family, pulling their funding for a game called â€Å"Bud pong. † After discovering that many people, especially young adults, were using beer during the game instead of water, as directions specified, they axed the marketing ads and funding for the game. â€Å"(FordhamObserver) In no way is the company promoting under-age drinking/misconduct and stands by its slogan â€Å"Live Responsibly† to promote drinking in moderation. Molson Coors Brewing Company. Demographic: Coors Brewing company has 40 different brands which appeal to consumers all over the world, specifically in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Brazil. In the U. S Coors light is its number one brand which is targeted more towards the young adult drinkers. Molson Dry is a substitute for Coors light in Quebec, the company is spending more money in advertising this product in order to make it as appealing as Coors Light is in United States. In the United Kingdom lager holds most of the market share with beer brands such as Carlin and the introduction of the new Coor’s fine lite beer. As most beer companies recognize the potential in the Hispanic community, Coors thrives to gain market share within the community by offering donations and scholarships to the Hispanic Association of Colleges and University. Molson Coors objective is to get the â€Å"Hispanic Community to adopt the brand, not just try it. † Geographic: On February 9th, 2005 Coors joined forces with Canada’s leading brewery Molson making them the 5th largest brewery by volume. This merge has presence in seven of the top either beer markets which include U. S, U. K, China, Mexico, Russia, Brazil, and Japan. Molson Coor’s holds 18. 5% market share in the United States and 21% market share in the United Kingdom. Currently it’s continuing to grow Coors light in China and other Asian markets. Psychographic: Molson Coors is always looking for new ways to attract consumers, and one of the most efficient markets is to attract people who watch their carbohydrates. In the U. S and other markets Molson Coors has No. 2 low carb beer to attract these consumers. As the craze for lite beer and low-carb beer increases, Molson Coors will keep bringing out new products for their consumers. Molson Coors also targets consumer through activities such as sports. In the U. S Coors light has the biggest sponsorship with NFL in order to promote their product. Also in the U. K whenever a consumer thinks about soccer they associate it with Carling, United Kingdom’s No. 1 lager. Behavioral: In order to make consumers familiar with their products, Molson Coors targets them through their everyday habits for example Coors light portrays the image to young adults that drinking Coors light is cool and socially acceptable. Because of this Coors light has a dominant market share amongst college students rather than Miller and Budweiser. In order to gain customer brand loyalty from most consumers Coor’s light always promotes or sponsor’s programs which are liked by consumers with different taste. Place (Distribution) Strategy: Molson Coors is always looking for new ways to communicate with its distribution channel. Recently in an attempt to increase sales Molson Coors has added more staff and applied more resources across the three largest channels Grocery Stores, Liquor Stores, and Convenience stores. Molson Coors also created a channel marketing team to develop customized promotions aimed at addressing each customer’s unique needs. Product Strategy: Molson Coors strategy as a whole is to provide high quality products using high-quality ingredients. In order to compete in the market a company has to always keep coming out with new products to evolve with the taste of the consumer. Molson Coors not only does that but also promises its consumers that the product is kept cold from packaging to delivery to retail. In the U. K the company introduced two new products called the Kasteel Cru, which is a fine imported lager brewed in Alsace France and C2 which is Carling’s new 2 percent alcohol by volume lager. In the U. S Molson Coors introduced its new low-carb beer called Aspen Edge and to make Coor’s light more attractive now consumers can buy it in new 8 oz cans. Pricing Strategy: Molson Coors is trying to cut cost and provide more value to its share holders by planning on cutting down the advertising budget. Last year alone Molson Coors spend 300 million dollars on advertising. Another method which Molson Coors used to cut costs is by reducing the number of suppliers, and building more strategic value added relationship with their vendor-partners. Promotion Strategy: In order for a company to come out on top it has to attract it’s consumers through promotions and discounts. Molson Coors promotes its products by being involved in many charities as well as Non-Profitable programs such as the Deaf Awareness program, Alcohol program and policies such as â€Å"21 means 21. † In Canada the company was involved in promoting an event called the Coors Light â€Å"Trauma Tour† which included music and action sports. In Puerto Rico the company is trying promote its product by being more involved in community programs. Pabst Blue Ribbon Beer Demographic: Pabst is one of the very few brewing companies that does not own a brewery. Instead it negotiates deals with other breweries such as Miller to brew its products while maintaining ownership and marketing rights of its brands. Pabst has a 3. 6% of the market share. Pabst Blue Ribbon is mostly popular amongst urban hipsters and this brand is being adopted by older generation X, and younger generation Y in Portland. In the U. S Pabst is starting to become more popular amongst professional and semi-professional snowboarders. Pabst is also being used by people who do gallery shows in order to portray and image that its time to get back to the basics. Overall Pabst uses a strategy which doesn’t involve cash but it involves customer use of the product. Geographic: Pabst has about 3. 6% market share in the U. S and about 2. 5% market share in Portland. Amongst many brands Pabst Rainier beer is more successful in the northwest. Overall in the Unites States Pabst grew 25% more in 20 different states. Psychographic: Pabst which has history associated with its name is beer for older people. The beer is acquired more with taste and consumers who use to drink Pabst in the old days have started to drink it again making them bran-loyal. Behavioral: Pabst is also considered a blue-collared beer and is targeted towards blue-collared workers. Since Pabst is the oldest brand there is customer loyalty from the older baby boomers that drank it. Place (Distribution) Strategy: Now that Pabst is trying to increase its sales in the United States as well other countries it has created highly customized retailer specific programs. Pabst Blue Ribbon has also convinced a lot of important chain grocery stores to carry their product.. Product Strategy: Pabst let’s its customer decide how they want their beer served. They haven’t done a package redesign in the last 10 years. The only change they have made in their product strategy is that they serve Pabst in bottles now. Pricing Strategy: Pabst was always known as the low cost beer. They keep their prices low by not spending money on advertisement; instead they let word of mouth do the job. Promotion Strategy: Pabst does very little promotions in order to cut cost and save money. Among the few promotions which they do have, they offer cash payments to rowdy bike messengers to drink their beer. Pabst is also trying to come out with new promotions in Portland because they see a substantial growth market there. Another way Pabst promotes is by giving away their beer free to those who use it as a advertising for their own retail shops. References http://www. usatoday. com/money/industries/food/2005-08-08-bud-tilt_x. htm http://www. hispanicbusiness. com/news/newsbyid. asp? id=12515 http://www. forbes. com/execpicks/prnewswire/feeds/prnewswire/2005/05/25/prnewswire200505250915. PR_NEWS_B_MWT_CG_CGW010. html http://www. anheuser-busch. com http://www. rocketink. com/Miller%20speech. pdf http://www. themorningsun.com/stories/041005/bus_beer. shtml http://www. duluthsuperior. com/mld/duluthsuperior/12213156. htm http://www. realbeer. com/news/articles/news-000738. php http://www. fordhamobserver.com/media/paper827/news/2005/11/10/Features/Weighing. In. On. eer. Games. Marketing. Strategies. And. Their. Effects-1051629. shtml? page=2 http://www. coors. com/2004_AnnRpt/uklager. asp http://www. adamsbevgroup. com/bd/2005/0510_bd/0510ber. asp http://www. molsoncoors. com/webcast/documents/Q1_2005_Webcast_Transcript. pdf http://sixmile. clemson. edu/pbr. htm http://www. fastcompany. com/fast50_04/winners/stewart. html.

Case 6.11 whitewater west industries limited Study

6.11 whitewater west industries limited - Case Study Example In order to meet their demand, relatively larger area of at least 6,040 to 6,970 square meters is required. Upon the analysis of WhiteWater West Industries Limited, three production sites are investigated. Further analysis is required as to which production site needs to be acquired which must fulfill the company’s strategic objectives. Due to increase in the demand in volumes for the fiber water slides, WhiteWater West Industries Limited needs a production facility of around 6,040 to 6,970 square meters. In order to acquire that much place, three different site locations namely Hiram-Walker, Build Option and Abbotsford Site were narrowed down by the management of WhiteWater West Industries Limited. In the following paragraphs, each site will be analyzed briefly. This site is not too far from the existing production site. In nine months time, this location can be prepared for the commercial production of the fiber water slides. This site benefits that in future if expansion is required, this site can provide more area to expand the production plants and facilities. Cost totaling around $1,571,875 will be required to avail this production facility. This option requires WhiteWater West Industries Limited to build a manufacturing factory, which is perfect in every sense. However, in order to find such site which is so perfect, is a hectic matter which could cause substantial time of around one year and a total cost of $,4464,425. This site has its own benefit of being near Vancouver, Seattle and Portland markets, so the customers from those areas can be catered easily if this site is selected. However, some drawbacks also pertain to this site such that hardships in mobilizing the labor from the existing place to this place. For those workers who do not want to work on this place, need other financial assistance causing more cost to WhiteWater West Industries Limited. Along with this, this site will not provide any

Critically analyse how ethical factors affect the communications mix Essay

Critically analyse how ethical factors affect the communications mix in an organisation of your choice. The organisation should - Essay Example Current paper focuses on the examination of particular aspect of marketing, the marketing communications process – known also as marketing communications mix; emphasis is given on two specific elements of the marketing communication mix: advertising and pricing. At the next level, the ethical aspects of advertising and pricing are examined specifically in regard to the international market; in order to make clearer the relationship between ethics and advertising/ pricing strategies in the global market, a firm operating in this market has been chosen: Sony. It should be noted that reference is made to the advertising policies of the firm in two specific markets: the British and the US market. It is revealed that the firm’s current advertising and pricing policies in Britain and US need to be reviewed and updated in order to fully meet the ethics held in the particular field. 2. How ethical factors affect the the communications mix in Sony Corporation - advertising and p ricing practices of the firm in Britain and US One of the most crucial requirements for the success of any marketing plan is its alignment with the characteristics and the expectations of the targeted market. In practice, the needs and the preferences of consumers in the targeted market can be identified more effectively using appropriate marketing techniques known as communications mix, a framework incorporating the policies that a firm can develop in order to improve the quality of the communication with its customers. In accordance with Kotler et al. (2010) the communications mix framework refers to the following activities: ‘advertising, publicity, personal selling, sales promotion, direct marketing and online marketing’ (Kotler et al 2010, p. 512). A graphical representation of the marketing communications mix is presented in the Appendix section (Figure 1). It is clear that the development of effective communications channels with the customers is related with spe cific activities, such as advertising, public relations and sales. It is assumed that the failure of a firm to succeed in one or more of the sectors included in the marketing communications mix can cause delays in the firm’s marketing projects. In the literature, different approaches have been used in order to describe the criteria used by marketers in order to develop effective marketing communications schemes. A model of the marketing communications process is presented in the study of Sandhusen (2000); it is explained that the specific model has been developed by Merton Electronics in order to support the promotion of the firm’s products; in the context of this model, the main parts of a successful marketing communications process should be the following ones: ‘a) the design of the advertising campaign, b) the proposition of the campaign to the media, c) the presentation of the advertising through the media, d) the decoding of the advertising campaign’s messages, e) the response of the public to the advertising campaign’ (Sandhusen 2000, p. 437). In any case, the effectiveness of marketing communications schemes is depended on the ability of marketers to use the appropriate type of media for the promotion of a firm’s products/ services to the public (Kurtz et al. 2009). Through the same point of

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Macroeconomics - Essay Example Statistics have proven that good things are happening in the economic world in various regions. There are strong sales of recreational vehicles made from northern Indiana. The company has recovered and it is being referred to as the ‘white-hot center of the economy’. The CEO of Jayco projects that the industry will tie unit sales records in 2015 and break them in 2016. He argues that this will be due to the rising U.S employment rate and the continued low interest rates. The U.S as a whole is also emerging as the country that will power world growth in 2015. This is because companies such as Google creating more jobs to thousands while in Silicon Valley, Apple is selling tons of iPhones globally (Coy, 2014). The projected turnabout of the American economy is welcomed as a recovery from the financial crisis that was experienced in 2008-09. Major economies in the world such as Japan dubbed the financial crisis â€Å"Lehman shokku† as there was no growth in the global economy. The latest outlook by the International Monetary Fund called the global growth as â€Å"mediocre†. An economist by the name Blanchard views the stagnation of advanced economies remains a concern at this time. Also, emerging markets seem to not grow as fast as they used to without inflation (Coy, 2014). The IMF has projected the losers in 2015 are likely to be Argentina, Venezuela and Brazil. As to the Russian and the Western Europe economies they will be weak. The North America will be pretty solid. Growth is projected to be in South and East Asia as well as in most African countries. It is evident that the global economy is taking longer than expected to recover from the much debt during the last decade. Three year ago IMF had projected that the world economy would recover by 2015 at a 4.8 percent growth rate but to the contrary the expectations has been met only by the U.S. Analyst have argue that the disparity in growth rates among the

Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Equality - Essay Example Moreover, at a larger dimension, wealth equality also addresses the inequalities between different countries around the globe. The predominance of wealth inequality affects different socioeconomic and cultural development among various societies globally. The paper will also look at the genesis of the quest for economic equality, the state of the whole matter and the effects of the same in the attainment of equitable economic growth. This is done in line with an in-depth analysis of the Virginia Declaration, the UN universal human rights and the Bill of rights among other related sources. Need for wealth equity The need to pursue economic equality among individuals and between different countries of the world arose upon the realization of the exploitative nature of humans by their fellow likes. This has been because of the ever-escalating gap between the bourgeoisies and lower class people in the society (Wilkinson and Pickett). In a bid to minimize this gap, there arose a quest for wealth harmonization between individuals and countries hence the origin of the appeal for equitable distribution of wealth for attaining a uniform economic growth across the globe. Much effort has been invested in this quest although always met with a lot of resistance from the high class property owners. In some instances, the appeal has minimally succeeded, for instance, in Russia and Switzerland. Global trends in wealth inequality The recent state of equality with regard to wealth distribution and ownership between different parties in the world has raised eyebrows as the gap between the poor and the rich continue to widen across the board. The rich still continue to earn more as the poor continue receiving diminishing wages in the world economic market. This is the state of the matter in most European countries with the exception of France, Japan and Spain with Israel, Turkey and United States mostly trapped within the vicious circle of an increasing gap between the poor and the rich. On a broader dimension, economic inequality has been majorly experienced in the less developed regions of the world such as the Indian subcontinent as well as in the sub-Saharan Africa. Factors promoting wealth inequality Taxation policies According to UniversityWorldNet, one of the most contributing factors to economic inequality and unequal wealth distribution around the globe is the trend and the nature of taxation in many countries that has not favored development in these regions. A progressive tax system has been adopted by most countries whereby the tax rates progressively increase as the tax base increases in amount i.e. as more money circulates in a country. A sharp economic growth often leads into an equal spread of resources within the entire population. Economists have reasoned that the tax trends in the world after the Second World War has been the major contributing factor for the increasing inequality gap between the rich and the poor countries around the globe as well as between the individual members of a state. Labor market systems Another factor that has hindered the

Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Globalisation - Essay Example 04th%20International%20Survey%20of%20Corporate%20Sustainability%20Reporting&r_issn=&r_year=2002&r_volume=&r_issue=&r_startpage=&r_endpage=&r_publisher=KPMG/WIMM&r_authors=KPMG] TWN 2006: 14 is the publication you have already located, namely Third World Network (TWN) 2006, Globalization, Liberalization and Protectionism: Impacts on poor rural producers in developing countries, International Fund for Agricultural Development. Globalisation is often addressed as the distinct feature of modernity, but this phenomenon is not new though the speed, reflexivity, complexity and consequences of modern global processes are genuinely outstanding. Modern globalisation processes can be traced back to the period after World War II while the earlier versions remain subject to intensive scholarly debate. Thus some authors study events since 1492 in considering the history of globalisation, and some focus on the more remote past (Frank and Gills 1994). However, these views are not commonly accepted with the majority of scholars concentrating on the recent past in their studies of modern globalisation processes. One popular perspective on globalisation (particularly economic globalisation) seeks for its origins in the period between approximately 1850 and 1914. These earlier forms of globalisation manifested in British imperialism and increased trade and capital flows between politically independent European states, their colonial territories, and the United States (Raskin et al. 2002). The first era of globalization was characterized by growth of export and profits, capital flow, massive migration of workforce from Europe to Northern America and other states (almost 60 million people). At the same time, the world saw increasing disparity between the countries actively involved in globalization processes and the rest of the world with industrialization being the key reason for this tendency (Crafts 2000). Evidently, this perspective also implies that World War I was the outcome

The rule in Salomon v Salomon & Co [1897] AC 22 has been described as Essay - 1

The rule in Salomon v Salomon & Co [1897] AC 22 has been described as one of the corner stones of English Company Law. Discuss the rationale and impact of the decision on company law - Essay Example This paper will discuss the rationale and the impact of the decision made by the House of Lords regarding Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd on company law. Aaron Salomon was a businessman who for many years worked in manufacturing leather boots. Increasingly, his sons grew and demanded to be part of the business. Consequently, Salomon capitulated and incorporated his manufacturing business as Limited Liability Company. During those times, one needed to have at least seven members in order to incorporate their business. Salomon registered all his family members as shareholders of the business. Salomon, however, owned a majority of the company’s shares while the rest of the family members shared the minority shares equally. Consequently, Salomon became not only the company’s principal shareholder but also the company’s principal creditor (Duhaime, 2010). Upon incorporation of the business, the company saw a decline in the sales of the boots. Part of the resolve for the waning was as a consequence of a sequence of internal strikes. The strikes made the government, Salomon’s main customer, divide its contracts to other firms in order to avoid the risk of depending heavily on one supplier. The government’s decision to divide its contract among other firms affected Salomon’s business greatly and was one of the reasons it failed. The consequence of failure was the inability of the company to pay interest on its debentures (half-held by Broderip). Broderip took action and litigated to apply his safety in the year 1983. It is after the company failed that it was put into liquidation (Duhaime, 2010). While in liquidation, the liquidator became suspicious of Salomon’s debentures used for security for the debt. He termed them as invalid and argued that Salomon obtained them fraudulently. As such, the liquidator demanded a refund of the money that had been dished out to Salomon by the company and a cancellation of the debentures. The

Questions from the case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Questions from the case study - Essay Example An article from the U.S. Small Business Administration website states there are four things a person should evaluate when thinking of setting up a business, namely: identifying one’s interests; considering one’s skills; thinking of the conditions (location, time commitment, etc.) of the business, and quantifying one’s investment. (Buying an Existing Business 2013) Anna missed taking into consideration the last two of these requirements. She failed to anticipate the reaction from the existing clientele and employees, the marketing strategies to boost her sales, and the financial responsibilities that came with being a business owner. Upon acquiring the business, Anna encountered problems with how to market her new business. She wanted to revamp the old-fashioned style the existing business was marketing. She had to let the community and potential customers know that the new shop had a different vision from the old one. Hand in hand with this, however, was the prob lem of satisfying existing clientele and employees who were not familiar with her more modern styles and may disagree with the path she wanted the business to go onto. Another problem she faced was making sure she had enough money to sustain her new endeavor. Unlike expenses she used to incur as a stylist, Anna now had to balance a bigger financial statement in order to keep her business. Reference: Buying an Existing Business, 2013. Available from http://www.sba.gov/content/buying-existing-business Case one: Question #2 Different entrepreneurs and business analysts will share various characteristics of a successful business person. Nevertheless, some of these traits will be mentioned repeatedly by each business expert either from observation or personal experience. Larry Levy, author of the Characteristics of a Successful Entrepreneur and founder of Larry and Carol Levy Institute for Entrepreneurial Practice at the Kellogg School of Management, lists the top characteristics of an e ntrepreneur as passionate, willing to live with fear, risk and occasional failure and able to learn from his or her mistakes. (Hall 2012) Meanwhile, Action Coach, supposedly the best business coaching firm, states that successful entrepreneurs must be, among others, dedicated, unafraid of risk or success, optimistic, passionate about learning and confidence. (Action Coach) Anna manifested all the above-mentioned characteristics which greatly influenced the success of her business. Anna was a risk-taker. She had bought an old business with a product totally opposite that what she had in mind. She was not afraid to take on the demands of overhauling an existing business, one where she wanted to change the product itself. She was already aware that the previous owner was having economic problems but she still decided to buy the salon. Anna was dedicated and confident. Because of her determination, she took the initiative of meeting with business and management professionals to help her . She also encouraged her own team to work with the specialists and brainstorm on how to market her vision. She did not keep a closed mind to their guidance and suggestions. Her passion for fashion motivated her to define her label and come up with marketing strategies to appeal to clients. Aside from this, she listened to the advice of her specialist team on how to manage her finances. This is very important because money is always a very sensitive issue for business owners. Anna was

Understand the importance of early intrevention to support the Assignment

Understand the importance of early intrevention to support the speech,language and communication needs of children and young people - Assignment Example Early mediation means making a brief intercession to backing the child and their families. In the event that a child gets the right help early, they have a higher chance of tackling issues, communicating appropriately and making advancements in their lives (Guitar 2005, p. 293). If these problems are not recognized early on, then the child’s future development is at risk and they risk having problems in future. The early years are a period for kids advancement as their brains are yet forming and thus it is very important to recognize if the child has communication and language difficulties. A child’s speech, language and communication affects other areas of their lives and thus any challenges may hinder their development. They may find it hard to control their conduct and play with other kids which makes them feel detached and baffled. Language is connected to the advancement of proficiency (Guitar 2005, p. 292). Kids who have poor speech will find it hard to comprehend the connection in the middle of sounds and letter shapes so reading and writing could be postponed. Discovering approaches to help the youngster convey will help their self-esteem and help keep them from anti-social behavior practices. By cooperating as a group, multi-agencies can help a child to achieve their maximum capacity. These groups may incorporate speech and language specialist, instructive, therapist, physiotherapist, occupational advisor, Health visitors and pro educators for learning Support. They can get together and talk through what kind of help the kid, family and setting needs. It helps on the grounds that they can all set an objective or target together and concentrate on the primary issues (Guitar 2005, p. 294). In their gatherings they can examine who is going help the child and families and the when and wheres. This can give details to those working with the child of where to get help if more of it is required. Ensuring that each and every person included

Zlatas Diary Essay Example for Free

Zlatas Diary Essay Imagine yourself as a child again, your living life in a tiny, freezing cold house with no gas, electricity or water and insufficient food. You cant go anywhere outside because it isnt safe. There is no school for you to attend because there are too many risks and no one is willing to teach. You dont ever see your friends, and the thought of them in danger is always on your mind. You have played with all your toys and read all your books. You don’t make any loud noises because your house faces the snipers. Youre growing out of all your clothes and your shoes no longer fit. Your always scared, and frightened to death because people around keep getting killed. And you dont know how long this is going to go on for, or if it’s ever going to end, and when it’s your turn to be shot at†¦ That’s what Zlata had to live with. Zlatas Diary is a diary text written by a young girl named Zlata Filipovic. The Diary begins in September of 1991 as a typical fifth-grader excited and enthusiastic about starting school, she records the beginning of starting school in Sarajevo. Within six weeks of the diary, her hometown was involved in terrible war, and she was soon facing deprivation and the death of close friends and classmates. Zlata and her father were forced to haul buckets of water to their apartment building. Bombs were falling continuously around the house, and sometimes smashing through windows, sometimes forcing the family to move into their damp, dark cellar. Sometimes Zlata would be left by herself while both of her parents tried to work. Constantly worried about the safety of her relatives and her own well being, she feared that the war would never end and she poured her deepest feelings into her beloved childhood diary, which she named Mimmy. During the war, Zlata and her family lose almost everything. Zlatas mothers place of work is soon totally destroyed. Zlata cant go to school with any regularity at all. She almost forgets what fruit and vegetables taste like! Some of Zlatas friends are murdered horribly, innocent children caught in the crossfire of someone elses war. Sarajevo soon transforms from an educated center of culture and friends, to a destroyed blood-pit in which survival for people becomes very difficult. Zlata even contemplates suicide but tries to be strong, especially for her mother, who is finding it extremely hard to deal with the war and the loss of her close friends and relatives, and also her job. Zlata admits she is a child without a childhood who only wants peace for Christmas in 1993. This line in the book especially was upsetting, as no child should ever be stripped of their childhood and innocence. Despite the horrible cycle of devastation and death, the neighborhood becomes a bit of a family, all sticking together. There are good people who look out for the children and make sure that Zlata and the other children around still gets an occasional chocolate bar, some clothes to fit their growing bodies and small birthday presents. The new family tries to still celebrate the holidays and birthdays and marriages that still occur. Zlata’s diary is soon published, it’s published during the war itself, and it was the only thing to save Zlata and her family. It was their ticket out of Sarajevo. Luckily, Zlata has a happy ending, happier than some of her friends and relatives. And of course, Zlata has never forgotten the war. She still continues to speak about the war. Zlatas Diary is a personal and sad record of a childhood lost to war. It was a truly inspirational and emotional book with an author who I feel deeply for. I would read this book again. It helps me to realize how lucky I have things and how precious life is.

Burger King Market Analysis

Burger King Market Analysis Burger King known as Insta-Burg King was established in 1953 but then company ran into financial difficulties and was taken over by David Edgerton James Mclamore. Today it is headquartered in Florida (Miami).Burger King serves Global with 12,200 outlets in 73 countries. Part 1: The product and market According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary fast food is designed for ready availability, use, or consumption and with little consideration given to quality or significance. Basically fast-food is gaining momentum due to the busy lifestyle prerelavant nowadays. This type of food is served to customers in short span of time on order made. The product: Food like Burgers, French fries,Veggi etc. Product type: Fast food Type of Involvement: According to worldwatch.org, Indias fast-food industry is growing by 40 percent. Post liberalization 1991 Fast food industry has developed in India as many multinational providers have set up their business. McDonalds, Dominos, Pizza Hut and Nirulas are well-liked fast food joints in India. According to the findings of the recent online survey from AC Nielson [7, 8] India being At the seventh place, is among the top ten markets for weekly fast food consumption  among the countries of Asia-Pacific region.Over 70% of Urban Households consume outside food fast food from take-away restaurant at least once in a month or more. As per the survey conducted Pizza Hut is the most preferred fast food brand in India. India is one of the top ten countries among the 28 surveyed consuming fast food. Segmentation Types of Segmentation. Geographic segmentation-Urban Locations in India. Two main cities of India Delhi Bangalore. The reason to choose to Delhi is because it is a cosmopolitan city people are open to embrace new ideas lifestyle. It is also becoming a major Information Technology destination of India. Here many major multi nationals like IBM, Microsoft, Google, Sony etc. Many Business process outsourcing industries are there. Delhi is the symbol of old and new growing India. Bangalore city is the nerve of industrial city. It has the IT Park which has gained the popularity of being the Silicon valley. It is ranked among the ten fastest growing city. Today Bangalore is the fifth largest fastest growing city in Asia. Demographic segmentation- Urban Middle class Urban Upper Middle class The Urban % of Middle class income group is 21.7% from 2009-10 The Urban %Upper Middle class income group is 16.3% from 2009-10(Based on data from the Market Information Survey of Households survey of the National Council of Applied Economic Research Targeting Targeting-First Concentrate on Initial focus on Delhi Bangalore customers. Higher income groups. Exposure to western culture and open minded to variety Middle class Upper middle class customers. Positioning On introduction of Burger King it would be initially introduced in the capital city of India, Delhi Banglore.It would be a place for upscale strata consumers mainly to visit relax. It would be positioned differently unlike from its competitor Mc Donalds for family to come along with their children and have fun. An individual earning Rs.30K to 40K a month is expected to indulge in having food from Burger king. The age group mainly targeted on 25-35 year old individuals. Competitor Analysis- Direct competitor- Mc Donalds would be the competitor for Burger King. Indirect competitor-Fresh homemade cooked food localized restaurants Mc Donalds business is profit making in the fast food industry compared to its competitor Burger King by gross margin 38% of its rival by 33%. Mc Donalds is having a strong presence in United States and it is gaining international presence in the fast food industry. Mc Donalds has been a strong performer in 2009 in terms of market share. In comparison to other food chains like KFC and Pizza Hut the overall performance and a liking towards Mc Donalds has been very positive and commendable. Mc Donald marketing mix: think global, act local. However, Taylor (1991) supports the view that companies should use both internationalization and globalization elements to create a competitive advantage: it is important to heed the maxim: think global, act local. The firm must ensure that its structure fits in with its international environment while at the same time have the internal flexibility required to implement its strategic goal (Taylor 1991).McDonalds efficient supply chain in India ensure s delivery on time with reduction on cost maximizing profitability maintaining highest quality standards of products. McDonalds has separate production lines and processes for its vegetarian and non-vegetarian offerings. Marketing mix adopted by Mc Donalds- McCarthy (1975) formulated the concept of 4Ps- Product, Price, Promotion and Place. Moreover in case of service marketing in recent years theorists have identified 3Ps given by Fifield and Gilligan (1996) variables as an integral part of the marketing mix process, physical and people. Product- Concept of think global, act local has been clearly adopted by Mc Donalds. To support this concept there are many examples like in India as Hindus do not consume beef, Muslims do not eat pork and Jains (among others) do not eat meat of any type. To suit the majority food interest of the Indians Mc Donalds been innovative to serve customers with Vegetable McNuggets a mutton base Maharaja Mac (Big Mac). Pricing-Pricing decision is a vital factor taken care by McDonalds. The formulation of different pricing decisions has been made differently based on different geographic locations. The right price selection needed to be made for the right market. Various factors needed to be considered researched for the same. Some elements considered by McDonalds to determine the price for a particular market. The process, as described by Vignali et al/(1999)is listed below: Selecting the price objective; Determining demand; Estimating costs; Analyzing competitors costs, prices and offers; Selecting a pricing method; Selecting a final price. The process listed above is the basic framework that allows Mc Donalds localized pricing. McDonalds has highlighted pricing policy in the mission statement where it states that the most fundamental element of determining price was: McDonalds to remain in touch with pricing of our competitors allows them to price our products correctly, balancing quality and value. When Mc Donalds was looking to penetrate into New Delhi India, it determined the price and set it looking at Nirulas, a local food chain as a guideline. McDonalds was formed in India to have toll free number for customers to place the order. Part 2: The consumer Influence on the behavior of consumers for purchase of Burger King. Food consumed by a countrys citizen is a vital part of their culture. In India post liberalization in the economy there are many changes in the country. India being a democratic country all religions beliefs are considered equal with no discrimination. India known for its rich cultural heritage strong belief has witnessed some new developments. As compared to past more percentage of Indian women are employed today. A rise in the womens economic status in India has taken place making them independent and ensuring more of disposable income to spent on leisure and recreation, eating out and health and fitness. Recent expansion of service industry call centers, travel agencies airlines and hotels have led to more of employment opportunities. Therefore rise in employment is offering individuals to indulge in more than the basic need, allowing them to spend and save both. With hectic lifestyles, timesaving products are increasingly in demand. The basic Indian culture is of consuming homemade food. Its not very easy to bring changes to their eating habits as there are many different religions cultures. Reference group are also influence to a persons behavior of eating food outside. Like a family indulging in Non-veg food outside the hom e often, then it is passed to children also. Social class would also be a determining factor depending on Income education occupation. Balancing all these three elements influence the purchase behavior of an individual. Culture is an important element from the view point of the marketer. This influence the consumption behavior of individuals. In India beef is not consumed by Hindus due to religious reasons. Hindus constitute the major population in India. Muslims do not consume pork meat. For Jains they do not consume meat.It is completely prohibited. Therefore chicken is preferred. As the barriers to eat out entrenched in certain sectors of Indian society. The influence to purchase fast food are due to factors such as environment at home, availability and accessibility to fast food providers, social environment and surroundings. Some other additional some of individuals who are living alone have independence in their eating habits, sometimes opting for a new variety of food than t he traditional home cooked food. To spent time socializing in an ambience making them comfortable also affects the visit liking of fast food outlet. Indian consumers are of the view that hygiene conditions are to be provided in an around the kitchen. This model is an essence helping consumers to respond in decision making process. Its known as black box as we still know how human mind works. Some other influences also will be discussed like motivations, perception, perceived risks etc. 1) Problem Solving- a) When an individual is hungry and search of instant fulfillment. b) Target to consumers who are having open mindset to try a new variety of food. c) Target to Middle Upper middle class consumers who wish to visit out and socialize. d) Convenient to carry looking out for a change from the traditional Indian homemade food. 2) Information Search-The factors determined by consumers to recall the Fast food Brand Burger King. Internal Factors for Consumers to search. Recall of advertisements broadcasted on National Television. Hoardings Worldwide Brand value of Burger King for good quality and food. Some External factors which would influence-Colleagues, public sources, friends family. Some articles from product rating organizations as Consumer Report. 3) Alternative Evaluation- Mc Donalds, KFC, Nirulas, homemade food and other local restaurants. 4) Purchase Decision-The purchase decision when made in Burger King would be backed by many factors like a) Social Surroundings-The kind of people around as in India it would be targeted on Middle class and Upper middle class segment. The people present and included while making the purchase. b) Physical Appearance-Such as dà ©cor, ambience of the place, hygiene factors, speedy service offered some music. c) Antecedent States-The target being on individuals who earn Rs30,000 to 40Kper month. Including consumers mood and cash in hand. 5) Post-Purchase Behavior-In case of fast food joint it becomes bit difficult to known the customers opinion towards the food consumed by them as consumers are generally not very keen to provide. But sometimes it can be actively put into action to gather the feedback through some questionnaire which is not lengthy. Some point of contact for customers where an individual is appointed in the store to learn what consumers feel about the Fast-food served. Even through word of mouth if consumers are satisfied they would convey it to their near and dear ones too. Some internal Influence on Consumer Behavior. Motivation-Some people are food lovers who enjoy having food indulge in variety of cuisines. These individuals are internally motivated. Perception-The perception of the brand worldwide. The taste quality of food served is determined based on international standards and reports. Perceived risks-These risks in case of fast food would be related to health hazards which it can bring in the long run. The hygiene factor can be a cause of concern. Personal factors-These factors also influence the consumer behavior like economic situation, age, occupation, personality lifestyle. a) Economic situation-The economic situation in India is on a growth stage. With more people joining the labour force day by day and middle class and upper middle class population able to spend for their leisure, food and entertainment nowdays.People are having more of means to save for their future too additional to the disposable income to spend. As individuals with a monthly income of minimum Rs.30,000 it would targeted for. b) Lifestyle-The change in the lifestyle of people have also under gone a change. Most of the individuals are working and busy with their hectic schedule so hardly find time to cook and have homemade food. So fast food offers them convenience, taste and easily available at good price suiting the pockets of the individuals. People are nowadays governed by education, income, intelligence energy level. Mindset of people are undergoing a fast change ready to try different kind of food and a manner in which one can go and enjoy good tasty food outside. Part 3: Plan to Launch the Product Brand Name-Burger King Product Type-Fast food Burgers Campaign-Urban Regions Campaign-One King, Burger King Global companies like Burger king face the problem of initiating a global product launch, as the characteristics of varied culture, beliefs and multicultural situation of nations today. Cost increases and public relations support across multiple markets makes it more complicated. Food is an essential element of societys culture and ethnicity. Even during globalization and having a cosmopolitan outlook some basic ethnic taste, local preferences and market specifications in food industry of a particular country cannot afford to be forgotten. A proper market research need to be undertaken or it would negatively harm the product launch of the brand hurting the beliefs of the target market. Understanding the nerve and pros and cons of the local food market of a country would avoid making expensive mistakes. Burger King is known worldwide for its burgers which mainly serves beef pork as the ingredient in Burgers. But in a country like India which has people of different religious beliefs and cultures were Hindus and Muslims are prohibited from consumption of beef and pork. Burger King needs to introduce products customized for the Indian Market keeping in mind the Indian taste preference. Around 40% populations of Indians are vegetarians. This constitutes a fairly good number of populations. Moreover during some religious occasions, as India is land of festivals people do not consume non-veg products during that period too. And even during some fast period when observed by the people in India non-vegetarian food product consumption is low. Therefore Burger King needs to come out offering a proper blend of western basic food taste with some Indian spices some healthy options in Burger itself. As now many Indians are open to try the new variants of food but are also health conscious too. Brand Name-Burger King Product Type-Fast food Burgers Campaign-Urban Regions Campaign-One King, Burger King Pre-Launch Scenario Renowned worldwide for its Have it your way The challenge Competition with Mc Donald, KFC, Pizza Hut To establish a monopoly of Burgers is difficult Mc Donalds is wide spread in majority of locations To penetrate into the market with more tasty options to the target market Low level of customer commitment because of large number of options available in fast food outlets Continuous improvement to be made in value added technology services Health related issues to be sorted Target Audience Middle class and Upper Middleclass Individuals Target Locations Capital city of India, Delhi and Silicon valley of India, Bang lore. Four Ps of Marketing Place- The place to target would be urban areas like the Airports, Offices some shopping, malls. Price-The price would be affordable to Upper middle class and middle class customers individuals earning an annual income of Rs.3, 60,000 per annum. Promotion-Like in Delhi collecting points for seasonal travelers of metros would enable them with a coupon to treat them with Burger King. Product-Burger King to introduce the product suiting to the Indian taste offering variant options to the vegetarians, healthy options in form of drinks along with tasty non-vegetarian food. During some major festive seasons burger king can launch some new products to attract the target customers. People-The Burger king staff needs to be well trained and their uniform while catering to the customers can be a combination of indo-western attire which would be attractive. The staff needs to be efficient in undertaking tasks and right people to be recruited for the different nature of jobs. The staff should greet customers not by saying hello or Hi instead with NAMASTE as this would showcase the traditional culture of greeting the guest. Process-The process of delivering the food and service should be communicated well to the customers. As a large population is vegetarian lovers so food should be cooked keeping in mind the religious beliefs and norms of Indians. The food served should be quick and tasty suiting to the Indian consumers taste. Customers need to be informed in case of some wait period of the product been delivered. Proper communication need to be made. Facilities such as cleanliness and proper ambience need to be created for customers to enjoy. Burger king should try to engage with customers to receive the feedback on the service delivered by them. This can be filling some short questionnaire or by introducing something similar like A huge bell placed in Indian Pizza Hut to ring so that customers can exhibit their satisfaction towards the product. Physical Service-Service cant be experienced before its delivered. So choice made to use the service is risky as its intangible in nature. The uncertainty can be reduced in the mind of customers prior of consumption of the product if the features are well communicated to the target consumers. Promotion of Burger King done by marketing communication mix Advertising Sales promotion Direct marketing Public Relations Phase-1 Launch the Product The product launch of Burger King needs to be associated in a manner the perception which is associated of having burgers from other competitors of its. The product being aimed at Middle class and Upper middle class should be positioned in an upscale manner where Burgers are being offered of Kings taste and treated like King making them feel relaxed and enjoy the experience of eating the burger in an excellent ambience. Also the communication of Quality, speedy service and cleanliness needs to be communicated well. Burger King should introduce options for vegetarian lovers as this would help them to penetrate, into the market more easily. The religious sentiments of Indians need to be taken care in case of non-vegetarian burgers. The company needs to establish a trust on consumers about the method in which product is been prepared without harming any religious sentiments. Phase-2 Brand advertising The advertising of Burger king can be effectively done through Print Media, Television advertisements and hoardings. This should include making customers aware about the product, helping them for easy recall and relating it to them personally. The television advertisements to be broadcasted on news and business channels like CNN IBN, TIMES NOW and some other channels like MTV. The advertisement needs to effectively convey to the customers the place is for relaxing and to enjoy the Burger in Kings style. During this phase it needs to concentrate on building the brand and product relevance. It would be launched not for mass audience but segmented as niche market with high on quality, service and price. The brand should leverage the central theme of Have it your way. The DAGMAR philosophy model 1961(Defining advertising goals for measured advertising results). 1. From unawareness to awareness-To make the target potential customers aware about the product. 2. Comprehension-Customer able to recognize the product and having knowledge about the product. 3. Conviction-Customers holding a firm attitude of the product brand compared to others and can be based on emotional or rational basis. 4. Action-Move made to purchase reflects the advertisement has been effective to communicate with the target audience. The Unique selling proposition of Burger King needs to be highlighted. HAVE IT YOUR WAY Other Communication Channels- On introduction of Burger King in Metro like Delhi some coupons can be offered to the commuters travelling on monthly passes. In the silicon valley bang lore food coupons to the MNC offices like Google, Sony can be provided to promote Burger king. To advertise through social media campaign. To promote through electronic media. To promote in some Business seminars like Retail Association of India through offering vouchers and hoardings exhibiting Burger King finally in India. To advertise in events like, Common wealth games. Internet connectivity can be used as an effective medium of channel.

An Islamic Micro Finance Bank To Help Enterprises

An Islamic Micro Finance Bank To Help Enterprises The Conventional Micro-Finance programs have shown little interest in religious and cultural sensitivities ,also excludes the poorest of the poor and are inadequate to full-fill the needs of 37.4 % poor Muslims of the world. A recent report by CGAP suggests that a large proportion of poor muslims rejects all forms of loans, including Grameen style Microloans on religious grounds, even many Government initiatives have failed because of this reason. Islamic Finance industry is an industry with rapid growth but has shown little interest in Micro-Finance and poverty alleviation aiming for shariah compliance inform and not in spirit. There are many Islamic MF programs currently operational in different parts of the world, but they are regional and country based programs, this research paper will focus on the development of an International Micro-Finance Bank (not Program) with deepest local penetration. Interest based loans may lead prospective entrepreneurs to refrain from pursuing activ ities as cost of failure is too high. Islamic Economics goals of equality, fairness, social solidarity through risk sharing, property rights, and sanctity of contracts; entrepreneurship, partnership, income generation through productive activity for poverty alleviation are completely in sync with basic principles of any Micro-Finance program. Aim and objectives: The purpose of my research is developing a sustainable and universal business model of an ideal full-fledged Islamic Micro-Finance Bank? by examining working technique and mode of operation of Islamic Banks(and of Banks working on No Interest principle) and of Micro-Finance programs ( both Islamic and Non-Islamic) and merging the working principles of both to come with a business model of a Universal World-Wide Micro-Finance Bank strictly following and working on principles of Islamic Finance. An Islamic Micro-Finance Bank will provide thousands of entrepreneurial poors access to Micro-Finance- especially those who fear breaching their religious beliefs. Islamic Micro-Finance Bank will seek to finance business activities which will lead to the economic empowerment of the poor, rather than merely lending to the poor for consumption. Literature review: Islamic Finance : Islamic Finance refers to a system of Banking that is Consistent with Islamic law(sharia) principles. This system reflects Islams teachings on wealth distribution, social and economic justice. The basic principles and practices of Islamic Finance date back to the early part of the seventh century. (Islamic Finance : A Euromoney Publication, 1997). Prohibition of Riba(interest). Risk Sharing. Social Mission. Prohibition of Speculative Behaviour. Sanctity of Contracts. Shariah- approved activities. Islamic Financing Techniques: Islamic financial institutions have developed several financing techniques that are applicable according to the nature of the commodity or business and finance period of the project. The principal financing techniques, murabaha, mudaraba, musharaka, and ijarah, are described briefly below: The first technique, murabaha, is the most popular and widely used Islamic financing instrument. Murabaha involves the resale of a commodity after the lender adds a specific profit margin (often referred to as the ËÅ"mark-up), which is paid by the borrower who agrees to buy that commodity. Usually, repayment is made in instalments to the financier, who pays the price to the original supplier of the commodity. This type of finance is commonly used for financing assets or working capital inputs, such as raw materials, machinery or equipment. For murabaha to be Shariah-compliant the financier must own (or procure) the commodity first and then resell it, the commodity should be a tangible one, and the buyer must know and then agree to the purchase and resale prices. Under mudaraba, a second type of contract, two parties are involved â€Å" the financier, who provides all the money, and the entrepreneur who uses his or her skill to invest the money in an attractive business venture. The profit from the mudaraba contract is shared by the financier and the entrepreneur according to a pre-determined ratio. Importantly, profit-sharing rates are a percentage of the profit and not a lump sum payment. In the case of a loss, providing it has incurred in the normal process of business and not due to neglect or misconduct by the entrepreneur, the financier loses all his or her money, while the entrepreneur merely loses his or her time and effort. Musharaka, a third financing instrument, means partnership in Arabic and can be understood as an equity participation contract. Both parties provide capital and are involved in the management of the funded venture. Profits are shared between each partner according to the ratio of his or her investment. If the venture suffers a loss, each partner loses according to this same ratio. Neither mudaraba nor musharaka are popular mechanisms in the context of microfinance as the thorough reporting and transparency requirements surrounding the just distribution of any profit or loss can result in substantial operating burdens and costs on small businesses which are generally unaccustomed to formal accounting and reporting. Ijarah, a fourth primary finance instrument, is similar to leasing. Under this arrangement, an entrepreneur short of funds approaches a financier to fund the purchase of a productive asset. The financier may buy the productive asset and rent it out to the entrepreneur. The financier retains ownership of the asset and is responsible for its maintenance. Importantly, and like any other contract, an ijarah contract must fulfil all of the conditions of a valid contract stipulated by the Shariah. Thus, the contract should be clear, should be by mutual agreement, the responsibilities and benefits of both parties should be clearly detailed and the agreement should be for a known period and price. Islamic Micro-Finance Bank is something very very new and in fact there is only one Islamic Micro-Finance bank currently in the world(Nigeria) and that too was launched recently on 15th of April 2010,recently State Bank of Pakistan has laid down guidelines for the establishment of any Islamic Micro-Finance Bank. My research problem is somewhat related with poverty as a whole and poor muslims around the world will be the main focus of the solution, because solution that is applicable for muslims is certainly available to every individual in the world. First, I will talk about why there is a need of Islamic Micro-Finance and then about the need of a Full-Fledged Islamic Micro-Finance Bank. About 65% of the SMEs (muslim owned) who had never applied for bank loans were uncomfortable with the interest based loan products being extended by banks. While this may not be a conclusive evidence for the extensive demand for Islamic finance products as it is not clear that whether these responden ts need the loans etc, however generally the respondents do highlight the interest (Riba) based banking products as one of the reasons for their reluctance to access bank loans. About 75% of the farmers in Muslim dominated countries who did not take bank loans and 55% of all the farmers expressed their dislike of interest based products and said that they donÃ… ¸t want to take the interest bearing bank loans. Although this finding signifies the need for introduction of Islamic Agrifinance Products, however the finding may be somewhat biased as a large number of these farmers also considered lack of collaterals/defects in title deeds and non-cooperation by revenue department as the key hurdles in obtaining banks loans. Nevertheless there is substantial demand for Sharia compliant agri-finance products and if offered most of the farmers would be willing to avail the facility. Conventional microfinance had also been questioned on its overall desired impact since the poors are subjected to very high interest rate of up to 30%. Some even argued that disbursing credit to the poor to make financial gains out of the same cannot be the aim of the microfinance institutions. Interest charged is rather oppressive for their poor receivers, thus fails to achieve the noble objective of microfinance. According to various studies, a notable number of the recipients were also found to be well above the poor category. Islamic Micro-Finance , on the hand, utilizes Islamic financial Instruments which are based on PLS schemes rather than loan. Conventional microfinance institution focused mainly on women as their client. On the hand, Islamic Micro Finance Institution should not only be focusing on women but must also be extended to the family as a whole. Moreover, Conventional Micro-Finance used group lending as a way to mitigate risk in their operation. Islamic Micro-Finance may also use similar technique, but they can also develop Islamic ethical principles to ensure their clients pay the payment regularly. Now, talking about why there is a need of an Islamic Micro-Finance Bank, well there are many Islamic Micro-Finance operational in different parts of the world run and managed by different organisations like Sanadiq at Jabal-al-Hoss; Muassasat Bayt Al-Mal in Lebanon; Hodeidah program in Yemen. IBBL, SIBL in Bangladesh; Akhuwat in Pakistan; Sahulat , Manara in India. Amana Ikhtiar in Malaysia; BPRS , BMTs in Indonesia. FINCA in Afghanistan. Azaovad Finance in Northern Mali. But my question is that why we cannot have a Global Islamic Micro-Finance Program when is there is such a huge of this, microfinance programs are designed keeping in mind the needs of local people and how to serve them better, but if this is done with an International approach then experiences gained in one region will be very beneficial in addressing the problem of other regions, it will be very helpful in the diversification of risk and also SMEs will be share to share expertise and experiences of one another and can work to build and ecosystem of mutual co-operation and empowerment. Also the increasing demand for alternative micro credit products by the less privileged members of the society against the conventional banking practices, now requires a whole financial system rather than a program or a bank as individual entities, marriage of two is much required need of the time and a new approach designed on the strict guidelines laid down by Quran for Islamic Finance is recommended, adapting Classical Islamic Contracts to modern Islamic Micro-Finance is easier than for mainstream Islamic Finance. I want to develop a Islamic Micro-finance Bank with muslims as prime focus but only for muslims because What we are commissioning today represents our contribution towards providing an alternative banking for Muslims and non-muslims alike. Poor person is a poor person and this has nothing to do with her/her religion, and poverty can only be alleviated if we consider all poors of the world as one and work global make No poverty? a reality. The number of Islamic Micro-Finance initiatives remains limited, less than 1% of the total global microfinance outreach, there is for a number of reasons increasing in interest in developing microfinance programmes based on Islamic Financing principles. Since, Islamic Microfinance is a new area, because little research has been conducted on its impact, outreach of such programmes has so far been limited. So, research with the aim of developing a new approach to Islamic microfinance is completely justified. Research Methodology and Method(s): My research methodology will be based on a lot research and study of Islamic Finance laws approved by Quran, their practical application in the real world scenario, how they are applied by different Islamic Banks and Micro-finance programs in their working, how differently they are applied in practice, analysis of shortcoming of different Islamic Banks and Micro-Finance programs. Study of how Islamic banks weathered current GFC, what were their advantages and disadvantages. How an Islamic Bank is started( rules and regulations in different countries) and how an Islamic Micro-Finance program works( relative to different regions), establishing a common ground for Islamic Micro-Finance bank, framing rules and policies for an ideal Islamic Micro-Finance Bank. Research and study of banking system in Japan( interest rates are negligible) and of JAK Bank Sweden(work on NO interest principal), how they operate , from where and how they fund themselves, how their modus operandi will sustain in an Islamic Finance environment. Data will be collected basically from internet because much of the work has not been done in the area of Islamic Micro-Finance Bank, interviews and discussion with the experts in field of Islamic Law and Islamic Finance, thorough study of Quran( Islamic laws and Financial laws).Study of books on this topic, discussion and advice from experts on Risk Management and Diversification and how i can apply them in Islamic Finance. Extensive of all available sources of information Islamic Finance and Micro-Finance. Structure and plan: Chapters in the Dissertation will be as Follows(Final Structure Can Change): CONTEXTUALISING ISLAMIC FINANCE Error: Reference source not found (Number of days taken to complete the chapter) Modern revival of Islamic financeError: Reference source not found Islamic economic foundationsError: Reference source not found Ethical dimensions of Islamic economic systemsError: Reference source not found Benefits of Islamic bankingError: Reference source not found Islamic economic principles do they promote or stifle growth? 9 DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF ISLAMIC FINANCEError: Reference source not found Principles of Islamic financial systemsError: Reference source not found Prohibition on speculation or risk (gharar)Error: Reference source not found Prohibition on usury (riba) and hoardingError: Reference source not found Prohibition on usury (riba) and interestError: Reference source not found Profits as distinct from usury (riba)Error: Reference source not found APPLICATION OF ISLAMIC BANKING TO MICROFINANCEError: Reference source not found Interface of Islamic Banking Principles and MicrofinanceError: Reference source not found Islam and microfinanceError: Reference source not found Social and development roles of Islamic banksError: Reference source not found Informal Banking and Debt transfer (hawala)Error: Reference source not found Is Islamic microfinance truly Islamic?Error: Reference source not found ISLAMIC FINANCIAL OBJECTIVES AND PRODUCTSError: Reference source not found Financial productsError: Reference source not found Islamic MortgagesError: Reference source not found Conventional Banking through the ËÅ"back door?Error: Reference source not found Need for regulationError: Reference source not found ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE IN PRACTICEError: Reference source not found Expansion of microfinance in the Arab worldError: Reference source not found Islamic microfinance in the Arab worldError: Reference source not found Experiences in YemenError: Reference source not found Experiences in BangladeshError: Reference source not found Resistance to the Grameen BankError: Reference source not found MicroFinance and Islamic Values 13 Japanese Banking System and JAK Bank Sweden13 Framing Regulations and Strategies For an Ideal Islamic Micro-Finance Bank 14

Poets’ Childhood Relationships with Their Fathers Essays -- literary A

Modern poets often reflect back on their childhood relationships with their fathers. Some poets see their fathers with a new found appreciation, some may look at them with acceptance, and still others are trying to move past the emotional grip a father may have had on them. Some poets see their father with a new found appreciation. For example, in Robert Hayden’s â€Å"Those Winter Sundays,† the narrator expresses his appreciation for his father when he poses the question: â€Å"What did I know, what did I know / of love’s austere and lonely offices?† (Hayden 13-14). As a child, it is hard to gain an appreciation for one’s father because one does not think about how much a father does for his child. When the speaker grows older, he reflects on his childhood and realizes how much his father has done for him. Everything that the father did for his son and family was done out of love, and the father did not gain any recognition at all. One example of the father helping his family is when he builds the fires to keep the household warm: Sundays too my father got up early / and put his clothes on in the blueblack cold / then with cracked hands that ached / from labor in the weekday weather made / banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him. (Hayden 1-6) The first line explains how on Sundays his father got up early. Sundays were known as a day of rest, but the father still got up and continued to work hard even though he did not have to. Line two simply states how cold it was outside, the word blueblack meaning that it was still dark outside. Lines three through five explain how the father had sore hands from working in the extremely cold weather making the fires and how nobody had ever thanked him for doing this. Another example of... ...the death of her husband and father, she finally decides to move on and forget about her husband and father completely. She succeeds in doing so for awhile, but five months after writing the poem, the speaker commits suicide, leading the reader to believe that she had some sort of a mental issue and was never able to completely, like she thought she would be able to. It is sad that the narrator had such a hard time moving on and was majorly depressed, but sometimes it is better to move on life and not dwell on the past. Consequently, some poets may see their fathers with a new found appreciation, some may look at them with acceptance, and still others are trying to move past the emotional grip a father may have had on them. Although each poet had a different childhood relationship and different viewpoint of his or her father, they all loved their fathers deeply.

Buddhism: The Three Characteristics of Existence Essay -- essays resea

There are three characteristics of existence. This is an important part of the teaching of Buddha. The teaching of the three characteristics is part of what we might call the doctrinal contents of wisdom. In other words, when we talk about the knowledge and the understanding that is implied by wisdom, we have this teaching in mind. The three characteristics of existence that we have in mind are the characteristics of impermanence (Anitya), suffering (Duhkha) and not-self (Anatma). These three characteristics are always present in or are connected with existence, and they tell us about the nature of existence. They help us to know what to do with existence. What we learn to develop as a result of understanding the three characteristics is renunciation. Once we understand that existence is universally characterized by impermanence, suffering and not-self, we eliminate our attachment to existence. Once we eliminate our attachment to existence, we gain the threshold of Nirvana. This is the purpose that understanding the three characteristics serves. It removes attachment by removing delusions, the misunderstanding that existence is permanent, is pleasant and has something to do with the self. This is why understanding the three characteristics is part of the contents of wisdom. The first of the three characteristics of existence is the characteristic of impermanence (Anitya). If we look at our own personality, we will find that our bodies are impermanent. They are subject to constant change. We grow thin. We grow old and grey, our teeth fall out, and our hair falls out. Similarly, our mental states are impermanent. At one moment we are happy, and at another moment we are sad. As infants, we hardly understand anything. As adults, in the prime of life we understand a great deal more. And again in old age we lose the power of our mental faculties and become like infants. Our minds are also characterized by impermanence. This is true also of the things that we see around us. Everything we see around us is impermanent. Not one thing will last forever - not the office blocks, nor the temples, nor the rivers and islands, nor the mountain chains, nor the oceans. We know for a fact that all these natural phenomena, even those that appear to be the most durable, even the solar system itself will one day decline and become extinct. This process of constant change of all ... ...s understood, once interconnectedness becomes part of the way of seeing the world, then suffering arises from the personal concept of an independent self. Anatta is the view that there is no enduring self. All phenomena are conditioned-have a begging and end-so there is nothing to which they can attach. Suffering arises from the illusion that impermanent conditioned states are permanent and can be possessed by a self. Moreover, there is no self or soul, which carries on after death. Instead we are merely a collection of groups of grasping which are in a continual state of flux. Rebirth is possible only because our desires and volition drive us. Every living being, every living thing in this universe is subject to impermanency. The destruction of the whole universe is very certain. The body will be dissolved and no amount of sacrifice will save it. Looking to life we notice how it is changing, continually moving between contrasts. We notice rise and fall, success and failure, loss and gain, we meet honor and contempt, praise and blame, and we feel how our hearts respond to all that, with happiness and sorrow, delight and despair, disappointment and satisfaction, fear and hope.